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Desalination 239 (2009) 295–308
Removal of humic acids by continuous electromagnetic
treatment followed by electrocoagulation in batch using
aluminium electrodes
D. Ghernaout
a*
, B. Ghernaout
b
, A. Saiba
a
, A. Boucherit
a
, A. Kellil
a
a
Chemical Engineering Department, Saad Dahlab University of Blida, Blida 09000, Algeria
Tel./Fax: +213 (25) 43 36 31; email: djamel_andalus@yahoo.fr
b
Algerian Waters, Medea Area, Medea 26000, Algeria
Received 10 June 2007; Accepted 17 April 2008
Abstract
This work studied the reduction of humic acids (HA) by continuous electromagnetic (EM) treatment followed
by electrocoagulation (EC) in batch of synthetic HA solution using two aluminium electrodes at neutral pH. After
continuous EM treatment until the filling of the electrocoagulator, the solution is electrocoagulated. The pH of the
HA solutions is adjusted to 12 prior to UV absorbance (300 nm) measurement to enhance HA absorbance since the
best dissolution of HA is obtained in neutral or acidic pH. The laboratory tests show that EC process in batch
(30 min) is highly efficient for HA removal at pH 7 (96%) and 3 (90%) and less efficient at pH 11 (51%). On the
other hand, EM treatment in batch (25 min) increases the induced effect by pH adjusting of HA solution [i.e. UV
absorbance decreases at pH 3 (13%) and increases at pH 7 (9%) and 11 (8%)]. However, when EM treatment is in
continuous mode and taken alone, it does not have a significant effect on HA removal. When EM treatment is
followed by EC in batch, it has an important contribution to increase UV absorbance removal by EC near 100% at
pH 7. EM treatment seems to increase the reactivity of HA macromolecules before their removal by charge
neutralisation–adsorption in the EC process.
Keywords: Humic acids; Electrocoagulation; Electromagnetic field; Aluminium
1. Introduction
Brown and black biopolymers associated with
soil, sediment and particulates in water consist of
*Corresponding author.
material derived from the degradation of animals
and plants and are called humic substances (HS).
Humic acids (HA) are one of the main com-
ponents of HS in water [1,2]; they are soluble in
dilute alkaline solution but precipitate from an
doi:10.1016/j.desal.2008.04.001