International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-3, September 2019
406
Published By:
Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
& Sciences Publication
Retrieval Number C4199098319/19©BEIESP
DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.C4199.098319
Abstract: Poultry product have seen increasing consumers
demand in recent times and processing of poultry meat is a pain
staking process which is becoming extremely tasking and
uneconomical given the increase in demand especially in the rural
community where there is no ready access to sophisticated
equipment. The Nigerian poultry sector is extremely fragmented
as most poultry farmers dedicate a small setup space to satisfy
small scale demand of less than 1,000 birds [1]. In commercial
events, the development of a poultry de-feathering machine
becomes of high priority to meet the demand for poultry products.
This paper therefore advocates the implementation of the modified
defeathering machine as a suitable substitute of the tradition
system which is slow and tedious. This proposed system improves
on the defeathering machine with the implementation of a boiling
chamber for first stage scalding, and a hot spray channel directly
in the plucking chamber.
Keywords: Defeathering, Poultry, Scalding.
I. INTRODUCTION
Scalding and picking machines, which are used basically for
the processing of poultry products, although exist in several
forms including small and huge machine types, are still not
very popular within the Nigerian poultry processing
business/industry, where this is basically due to their high
design cost. Most of the poultry products in the Nigerian
market today are have been processed manually. The manual
processing method, which is slow and tedious, has remained
uneconomic for large scale production [2]. The Nigerian
poultry trade is estimated at about $600 million, with
approximately 165 million birds producing 650,000MT of
eggs and 290,000MT of poultry meat as at 2013 data [1].
Poultry meat is popularly consumed worldwide due to its low
fat and calorific content. The relatively increased choice for
chicken over some other type of meat recently has generated
a lot of interest in its farming and in the poultry industry in
general [2]. With the growing Nigerian population and the
need to meet the WHO protein, fat and calories requirements,
it is expected that the poultry meat consumption rate will
increase in the coming years, hence the need for low cost
scalding and picking machines for processing of poultry
products. Common challenges in poultry processing are the
safety and health concern inclusive of tasks resulting in cuts
or lacerations [3], exposure to cold and wet climates,
repetitive motion disorders, slips, falls, dust, dermatitis, and
noise [3] [4] [5].
Revised Manuscript Received on September 20, 2019.
Omoniyi Ezekiel B, B. Tech in Mechanical Engineering from
LAUTECH, Ogbomosho, Nigeria.
Peter Oluwatosin Oyekola, Mechanical Engineering at Papua New
Guinea University of Technology.
Onoriode Ovaha B. Eng in Mechanical Engineering in 2017 from Bells
University of Technology, Nigeria.
Aezeden Mohamed, B.Sc., M.Sc., and PhD degrees in Mechanical and
Manufacturing at the University of Manitoba, Canada.
Nicholas Lambrache, MSc.and PhD from university Polytechnic in
Bucharest.
To avoid mishap and infections from poultry cadaver
which may occur during some of the processing operations
there is a need for a user-friendly, reliable and efficient
poultry processing devises [6] [7]. Bird processing involves
catching and transport, killing and bleeding, scalding and
picking (feather removal) [8], removal of the head, oily
glands, and feet, disembowel, chilling, dissecting and
deboning, packaging, storage and finally distribution. And of
all this processes feather removal are the most time
consuming and chancy [9]. Various machines have also been
developed for the de-feathering process which can process
large or few numbers of birds [10]. However, their demand
and acceptance differ regionally. The Mueller poultry picker
[11] for instance is electrically powered using a driving
pulley mechanism in rotating a cylindrical drum embedded
with rubber fingers matrix. The design also incorporates a
collection bowl for the plucked feathers. Gordon [12]
however designed the plucker using an electric motor with an
extended two pulley shaft attached which allows for
counter-rotation of drums. The drum holds the rubber fingers
which pluck the feathers upon the rotation of the as seen in
figure 1. The fingers assume positions radial to the drums,
due to the centrifugal forces on the holders and fingers. The
wiping motion of the ribbed surfaces of the fingers removes
the feather from the carcass.
Fig. 1.Plan view of the Gordon poultry plucker
T F schlicksupp poultry plucker [13] had an advantage over
others as it introduced a fan (vacuum) for removal of a
plucked feather. The design was also the electric-based
rotation of the drive shaft. The fan is in a casing which
communicates with the plucking chamber if to draw the
feathers from the latter chamber for discharge those through
an outlet spout to any desired
point.
Bird Feather Removal Machine: Design and
Development
Omoniyi Ezekiel B, Peter Oyekola, Onoriode Ovaha, Aezeden Mohamed, Nicholas Lambrache