1. Introduction
Room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of
organic salts that are liquids at or near room temperature
in their pure state, which exhibit interesting properties
like negligible vapour pressure, high ionic conductivity,
good dissolving ability, high thermal and chemical
stability, wide range of viscosities, large electrochemical
window, non-fammability, etc. Some of these properties
make them potential green solvents or reaction media or
templates for many applications, like inorganic synthesis
of different metal oxide nanostructures [1-4].
On the other hand, ZnO is a wide band gap
semiconductor oxide (around 3.3 eV), with a large
excitation binding energy (60 meV), which became one of
the most studied electronic and photonic materials [5,6].
Nonlinear optical properties have also been reported for
ZnO thin flms [7]. ZnO plays an important role as part of
various composites [8-11]. In addition, ZnO is one of the
most tested nanomaterials in photocatalysis, especially
when obtained as nano-size particles [12-15]. Recently,
efforts have been made for the synthesis of ZnO
nanoparticles with controlled morphologies and improved
properties [16-21]. The literature indicates that different
ZnO nanostructures with different one dimensional
morphologies (from nanoparticles to nanorods to
nanowires) can be successfully synthesized in ionic
liquids based on imidazolium at low temperature [22-28].
In the present work we have investigated whether
adding an organic solvent to the ionic liquid, and using
Central European Journal of Chemistry
Synthesis and characterization of ZnO
nanostructures obtained in mixtures
of ionic liquids with organic solvents
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* E-mail: ciocirlan_o@yahoo.com
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The article has been presented at the 18th Romanian International Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Engineering - RICCCE18 - held in
New Montana, Sinaia, Romania on 4-7 September, 2013.
Received 6 October 2013; Accepted 25 November 2013
Abstract:
© Versita Sp. z o.o.
Keywords: Zinc oxide • Ionic liquids • Ethylene glycol • Dimethyl sulfoxide
1
Department of Inorganic Chemistry,
Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry,
Politehnica University of Bucharest,
011061 Bucharest, Romania
2
SIMONa Department,
University Politehnica Bucharest,
P.O. Box 12-134, Bucharest, Romania
3
METAV-CD,
020015 Bucharest, Romania
Ovidiu Oprea
1
, Oana Ciocirlan
1*
, Alina Badanoiu
2
, Eugeniu Vasile
3
RICCCE 18
ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized in mixtures of ionic liquids based on imidazolium cation with organic solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide
and ethylene glycol) by a simple, one-step solution route at low temperature. The effect of these mixtures on the morphology, size and
properties of as obtained ZnO nanopowders was investigated. The obtained nanopowders have been characterized by X-ray powder
diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and photoluminescence (PL). The
effect of the ionic liquid mixture on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue has been analysed. The XRD studies confrmed the
hexagonal wurtzite structure of the obtained ZnO powder. The UV-Vis absorption spectra present the typical shape for ZnO, with a broad
band situated in the UV region, with the maximum around 360 nm. The calculated band-gap energy is in interval 3.25-3.28 eV. The
synthesized ZnO nanopowders have high photocatalytic activity against methylene blue, the best results being obtained when 1-ethyl-3-
methylimidazolium tetrafuoroborate was used as the solvent.
Cent. Eur. J. Chem. • 12(7) • 2014 • 749–756
DOI: 10.2478/s11532-014-0507-5
749