Explanation Genre in the Mostly Viewed TED Talks:
Contribution of the Generic Structure to the Appeal of the Talks
Iwa Lukmana
*
, Riesky, Luthfi Variant Hanif
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
*
Corresponding author. Email: iwa@upi.edu
ABSTRACT
The control over the way a genre is structured is meant to achieve the social function of the text, i.e., the purpose for
which the text is written. A good generic structure provides the audience with logical cues so that they can easily follow
the flow of ideas presented in the text. This study aims to analyse the generic structure of the mostly viewed explanation
genre in TED Talk, a public speaking program which has been widely known for its audience engagement. Being largely
descriptive, this study applies genre theory as it is discussed in Systemic-Functional Linguistics. Data were collected
from TED YouTube channel and were analysed through the identification of how information was organised, leading
to the generic structure of the talks. This study finds three occurrences of explanation genre in the top five TED Talks.
It is also found that the compulsory and optional stages in the genre appear to support to the appeal of the talks.
Keywords: Explanation, genre, generic structure, TED Talk
1. INTRODUCTION
Public speaking includes an exchange of
information between a speaker and one or more
addressees. Public speaking differs from everyday
communication with regard to several concerns
(Coopman & Lull, 2014). First, the speaker in public
speaking holds a special status. In a normal everyday
communication, people can freely take turns. However,
in public speaking, the communicative event is
dominated by the speaker (Rossete-Crake, 2019).
Second, unlike everyday communication, public
speaking is almost always a planned communicative
event (Beebe & Beebe, 2010).
Public speaking has several intrinsic elements
including message and structure (Coopman & Lull,
2014). Message further contains topic and purpose.
Topic is what the speaker wants to discuss. In
contemporary time, the selection of topic considers the
nature of the audience (Mehl, 2017). Purpose concerns
what the speaker wants to achieve with his/her speech
(Beebe & Beebe, 2010). It includes both general and
specific purposes. The general purpose is the total
objective of a speech (Coopman & Lull, 2014). Public
speaking, in general, has one of the three identified
general purposes: to inform, to persuade, and to
entertain (Zarefsky, 2016). The specific purpose
concerns the speaker’s expectation on the listener after
hearing his/her speech (Beebe & Beebe, 2010). Both
general and specific purposes will influence the way a
speaker develops his/her topic.
The structure of public speaking often follows the
formula of introduction, content, and conclusion
(DeCoske & White, 2010). Structure serves to help the
speaker deliver ideas systematically. DeCoske and
White (2010) claim that structure in public speaking
provides logical cues for speakers to deliver their ideas
more clearly. Structure also helps the audience
understand what the speaker is talking about. A clear
and coherent organization of thought will help the
audience trace ideas and expect what to appear next in
the talk. Both message and structure work together to
create an engaging public speech. What first engages
the audience in public speaking is the topic (Coopman
& Lull, 2014). However, the topic alone cannot
maintain the interest of the audience. What is needed
further is a clear and easy-to-understand train of
thought, i.e., the structure of public speaking (Beebe &
Beebe, 2010). In short, an interesting topic and a clear
structure are two inseparable aspects of an engaging
public speech. Examples of engaging public speeches
can be found in TED Talks, which discuss a broad range
of topics. With the slogan ‘ideas worth spreading’, TED
Talk has become a platform in which public speakers
deliver their ideas on topics regarding global issues. As
explained in their website, TED has so far published
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 546
Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Applied Linguistics (CONAPLIN 2020)
Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL.
This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 259