ISSN (Print): 2328-3491, ISSN (Online): 2328-3580, ISSN (CD-ROM): 2328-3629
American International Journal of
Research in Science, Technology,
Engineering & Mathematics
AIJRSTEM 14-793; © 2014, AIJRSTEM All Rights Reserved Page 195
AIJRSTEM is a refereed, indexed, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary and open access journal published by
International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR), USA
(An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research)
Available online at http://www.iasir.net
Effect of Various Heat Treatment Process on Tensile Strength and
Elongation of Stainless Steel
Amit Kumar Tanwer
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Roorkee Institute of Technology, Roorkee,
Roorkee-247667, Uttrakhand, INDIA.
I. Introduction
Heat treatment is a combination of timed heating and cooling applied to a particular metal or alloy in the solid
state in such ways as to produce desired mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength and percentage
elongation). Annealing, normalizing and Quenching are the most important heat treatments often used to modify
the mechanical properties of engineering materials particularly steels. Annealing is the type of heat treatment
most frequently applied in order to soften iron or steel materials and refines its grains due to ferrite-pearlite
microstructure; it is used where elongations and appreciable level of tensile strength are required in engineering
materials [3].
In normalizing, the material is heated to the austenitic temperature range and this is followed by air cooling.
This treatment is usually carried out to obtain a mainly pearlite matrix, which results into strength and hardness
higher than in as received condition. It is also used to remove undesirable free carbide present in the as-received
sample [1].
Steels are normally hardened and tempered to improve their mechanical properties, particularly their strength
and wear resistance. In quenching, the steel or its alloy is heated to a temperature high enough to promote the
formation of austenite, held at that temperature until the desired amount of carbon has been dissolved and then
quench in oil or water at a suitable rate. Also, in the harden condition, the steel should have 100% martensite to
attain maximum yield strength, but it is very brittle too and thus, as quenched steels are used for very few
engineering applications. By tempering, the properties of quenched steel could be modified to decrease hardness
and increase ductility and impact strength gradually. The resulting microstructures are bainite or carbide
precipitate in a matrix of ferrite depending on the tempering temperature. Steel is an alloy of iron with definite
percentage of carbon ranges from 0.15-1.5%, plain carbon steels are those containing 0.1-0.25% . There are two
main reasons for the popular use of steel: It is abundant in the earth’s crust in form of Fe
2
O
3
and little energy is
required to convert it to Fe. It can be made to exhibit great variety of microstructures and thus a wide range of
mechanical properties. Although the number of steel specifications runs into thousands, plain carbon steel
accounts for more than 90% of the total steel output. The reason for its importance is that it is a tough, ductile
and cheap material with reasonable casting, working and machining properties, which is also amenable to
simple heat treatments to produce a wide range of properties [3]. They are found in applications such as train
railroads, beams for building support structures, reinforcing rods in concrete, ship construction, tubes for boilers
in power generating plants, oil and gas pipelines, car radiators, cutting tools etc.
The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of heat treatment (annealing, normalizing and
quenching) on the mechanical properties of stainless steel.
Abstract: In this paper, we study about the mechanical properties like Tensile strength and elongation for
stainless steel. Author find out the effect of various heat treatment e.g. annealing, quenching and
normalizing etc. on material properties through testing on samples using UTM. First of all, Metal rods are
machined on lathe machine as per drawing of samples. Drawing is based on samples used for testing on
Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Heat treatments are done in muffle furnace on 900
0
C and holding time
is 2 hrs. Than cooled as per different heat treatment. After that heat treated samples are used for testing of
different material properties. Result shows which heat treatment will be better for improving material
properties of stainless steel.
Keywords: Stainless steel; annealing; quenching; normalizing; tensile strength; yield stress; elongation;
UTM