Record of bees and wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera) during the dry season in a foodplain in the South Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil Nikolas Gioia Cipola 1 , Diego Galvão de Pádua 1 , Karine Schoeninger 2 , Bruno Garcia de Oliveira 1 , Sian de Souza Gadelha 3 & João Antonio Cyrino Zequi 4 1. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Manaus, AM, Brazil. 2. Instituto Biológico, Campinas, SP, Brazil. 3. Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil. 4. Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil. EntomoBrasilis 15: e1003 (2022) Abstract. We reported the hymenopteran fauna (except Formicidae) in a foodable area in the South Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The study was conducted in a riparian forest of the Miranda river, located in the Passo do Lontra region, Corumbá. The collection occurred in the dry season of August 2016 using diferent capture methods. A total of 137 individuals distributed in 18 families, 43 genera, and 64 morphospecies (10 nominal) were collected. The families with the greatest richness were Diapriidae and Ichneumonidae with 11 morphospecies each (17% of the total), followed by Platygastridae and Braconidae with 10 and nine, respectively. Two species were newly recorded for Brazil: Gryonoides pulchellus Dodd, 1920 (Platygastridae) and Losada penai Fritz, 1873 (Crabronidae), plus 22 new records for Mato Grosso do Sul. This study increases about 5.2% of the wasp fauna recorded in Mato Grosso do Sul, as well as for the Pantanal. Keywords: Inventory; parasitoid; predators; riparian forest; tropical savanna. The Pantanal is the smallest Brazilian biome and the largest foodplain in the world with more than 110,000 km², formed by a mosaic of diferent phytogeographical domains and possessing great richness in terrestrial and aquatic biota (MMA 2007). A total of 65% of the Brazilian Pantanal is located in Mato Grosso do Sul, which is a hyperseasonal savanna periodically subjected to two stresses; one characterized by a dry season, and the other by prolonged foods (CostA et al. 2010). This water process directly infuences the availability of resources/habitats of the edaphic community, and consequently induces organisms, mainly terrestrial, to develop vertical or horizontal survival strategies (Adis 1997; MArques et al. 2007). These processes may also indirectly infuence other organisms such as bees, ants, and wasps (Hymenoptera), since species have diferent habits such as predators, phytophagous, pollinators, parasitoids, and gallers (Melo et al. 2012), and therefore they are obliged to periodically explore other niches depending on the availability of resources (Adis 1997). Hymenoptera is a megadiverse order of insects with over 115,000 species with a worldwide distribution (shArkey 2007). There are approximately 10,505 species in 1,618 genera and 69 families of hymenopteran in Brazil (oliveirA et al. 2022). Of this total, 2,464 species in 262 genera and eight families are Apoidea, with 70% of these species (1,796 in 171 genera) represented by bees (sensu lato) such as Andrenidae, Apidae, Colletidae, Halictidae, and Megachilidae. Wasps consequently constitute most of the known Hymenoptera for Brazil, with 6,663 species in 1,246 genera and 60 families (oliveirA et al. 2022). However, most of these records are based on species descriptions and only a few inventories mainly performed in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado (tropical savanna) biome in the Southeastern region (Azevedo et al. 2002, 2003, 2015; PáduA & zAMPieron 2012; PáduA et al. 2014; silvestre et al. 2014), so there is still a great need to explore the Pantanal fauna. The current knowledge of Hymenoptera in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul comprises about 386 species (260 nominal) in 107 genera of bees (Moure et al. 2013; liMA & silvestre 2017), and at least 420 species in 286 genera of wasps (Auko & silvestre 2013; Auko et al. 2017; luz et al. 2017; shiMbori et al. 2017; trAd & silvestre 2017). However, many of these records are generic identifcations, and some of these are outside the Pantanal biome. Thus, the distribution of many taxa is still unknown, and for this reason, inventories are important to establish regional fauna, as well as reveal the real distribution of species in the diferent phytogeographic domains (diniz & MorAis 2007; oliveirA et al. 2022). Examples of this are the Pantanal and Cerrado biomes, where inventories have signifcantly contributed to the Hymenoptera fauna (Auko & silvestre 2013; Moure et al. 2013; Auko et al. 2017; liMA & silvestre 2017; luz et al. 2017; shiMbori et al. 2017; trAd & silvestre 2017). Both biomes are considered a “hotspot” of high biodiversity which needs conservation, Edited by: Alberto Moreira Silva-Neto Article History: Received: 18.v.2022 First Answer: 14.vi.2022 Accepted: 23.vi.2022 Published: 23.ix.2022  Corresponding author: Diego Galvão de Pádua  paduadg@gmail.com Funding agencies:  Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científco e Tecnológico; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo doi: 10.12741/ebrasilis.v15.e1003 © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Entomologistas do Brasil This article is published by Entomologistas do Brasil and licensed under Creative Commons Licence 4.0 (CC-BY) Article Full Open Access Taxonomy and Systematics EntomoBrasilis | 15: e1003 (2022) 1 | 17