https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764019831315
International Journal of
Social Psychiatry
1–11
© The Author(s) 2019
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DOI: 10.1177/0020764019831315
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E CAMDEN SCHIZOPH
Introduction
Victimization of patients with major mental illness dates
back since Roman encyclopedist Celsus (~25 BC to AD
~50) who recommended ‘torture, starvation or flogging’ as
treatments for mental illness (Stone, 2003).
Mentally ill patients represent a potentially vulnerable
population and can be subjected to significant victimiza-
tion in the community, compared to regular population
(Benjet, Thompson, & Gotlib, 2010; Lehman, 1999;
White, Chafetz, Collins-Bride, & Nickens, 2006).
According to international records, the yearly preva-
lence rate of victimization of mentally ill patients was esti-
mated between 16% and 60%. The rates variability
depends mainly upon the operational definition used
(Choe, Teplin, & Abram, 2008; Dekker et al., 2010; van
Weeghel et al., 2009).
‘Victimization’ is defined as the act of being a victim of
any aggressive behavior (Hodgins, Alderton, Cree, Aboud,
& Mak, 2007), which comprises violent victimization as
rape, sexual assault, robbery and physical assault (Teplin,
McClelland, Abram, & Weiner, 2005), and domestic vic-
timization is defined as any incidence of threatening
Rates and profile of victimization in a
sample of Egyptian patients with major
mental illness
Ahmed El Missiry
1
, Marwa Abd El Meguid
1
, Ahmed Abourayah
2
,
Marwa El Missiry
1
, Mohamed Hossam
1
, Hussien Elkholy
1
and
Afaf H Khalil
1
Abstract
Background: Patients with major mental illness have an increased risk of victimization. Nevertheless, this topic was not
thoroughly studied in Egyptian patients with major mental illness.
Objectives: The objectives of this study are to investigate the rates of victimization and understand its profile, psycho-
demographic and clinical correlates among a sample of Egyptian patients with major mental illness.
Participants and Methods: A total of 300 patients (100 patients with schizophrenia, 100 with bipolar and 100 with
major depression) were recruited from the inpatient wards and outpatient clinics at Ain Shams University. They were
subjected to a demographic questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Global
Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and a Victimization Questionnaire (VQ).
Results: In our study population, 130 (43.3%) of patients were victimized, of them 52 (40%) were diagnosed with major
depressive disorder, 48 (36.9%) with bipolar disorder and 30 (23.1%) with schizophrenia. Victimization was more in
female, married, unemployed individuals and those living in rural areas. Patients exposed to domestic violence or abuse
during childhood had higher rates of victimization. All victimized patients were subjected to emotional victimization,
64.6% were physically victimized and 53.8% were subjected to miscellaneous types of victimization. Patients were
victimized mainly by acquaintance followed by family members. The majority of patients did not report their victimization
and considered it as a personal issue or not important enough to be reported.
Conclusion: Patients with major mental illness are susceptible to significant victimization. Clinicians should explore
possible history of abuse or victimization in their patients, empower and support the victimized ones.
Keywords
Major mental illness, victimization, perpetrator, physical abuse, emotional abuse
1
Institute of Psychiatry, Neurology and Psychiatry Department, Faculty
of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
2
William R. Sharpe, Jr. Hospital, West Virginia School of Osteopathic
Medicine, Adjunct Faculty, School of Public Health, West Virginia
University (WVU), Morgantown, WV, USA
Corresponding author:
Hussien Elkholy, Institute of Psychiatry, Neurology and Psychiatry
Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University Hospitals
(Eldemerdash), El Abassia, Cairo 11657, Egypt.
Email: h.elkholy@med.asu.edu.eg
831315ISP 0 0 10.1177/0020764019831315International Journal of Social PsychiatryMissiry et al.
research-article 2019
Original Article