Enhanced color-conversion efficiency in nano-grooved
LEDs utilizing non-radiative energy transfer
Min Joo Park and Joon Seop Kwak*
Department of Printed Electronics Engineering (WCU),
Sunchon National University
Department of Printed Electronics Engineering (WCU),
Sunchon National University, Korea
Recently, the development of light-emitting diodes
(LEDs) has been widely studied for practical applications
in the field of sold-state lighting. As the technologies for
fabricating GaN-based LEDs and for synthesizing
semiconductor colloidal nanocrystals (NQDs) mature,
Colloidal QD-GaN LED are becoming promising
candidates for highly efficient multicolor lighting[1-3].
Many researchers have demonstrated color-conversion
LED consisting of a LED and colloidal QDs that
promotes efficient non-radiative energy transfer from a
higher-energy epitaxial light source to lower-energy
emission fluorophores has been proposed. Achermann et
al [4]. demonstrated an efficient way of color conversion,
exciton transfer was limited. This is because only one
quantum well could contribute to the color conversion
though the non-radiative energy transfer process.
Chanyawadee et al [5]. used an LED structure epi-wafer
having holes with elliptical cross-sections that reach down
to the active QWs. This work uses LED structures
following standard microfabrication and additional
nanopatterning techniques including nanoimprint
lithography as well as plasma etching such as inductively
coupled reactive ion etching. Nevertheless, the
performance of this device is not comparable with that of
conventional lateral type LEDs.
In this study, we have investigated color-conversion
efficiency in nano-grooved Light emitting diodes utilizing
non-radiative energy transfer. For this purpose, we design
square patterned ITO layer on p-GaN layer as a self-
aligned etch mask has been investigated. In addition, we
also demonstrated nano-grooved LEDs by using self-
assembled ITO nano-dot etch mask into the square
patterned ITO layer on p-GaN layer. Colloidal QDs have
been deposited into the gaps between the InGaN/GaN
MQW nano-grooved LEDs, leading to thin p-GaN
coupling between the QDs and InGaN/MQW emitter. The
results will show that the nano-grooved LEDs are high
color conversion efficiency and the calculated
recombination rate of non-radiative QD-QW energy-
transfer compare to ITO patterned LEDs. A 2 um thick
undoped GaN was grown on a sapphire substrate followed
by a 2 um thick n-GaN. The active layer consisted of five
InGaN/GaN QWs and a 150 nm thick p-GaN was grown
on top. The Reference-LED is fabricated by using the
standard LED fabrication process as described above. The
Nanotextured-LED is also fabricated by using the same
standard LED fabrication process except for additional
nanotexturing steps after the p-contact metal
photolithography and deposition. Following the p-metal
photolithography and deposition step, ITO layer was
deposited onto the micro-patterned p-contact metal slot
using an electron beam evaporator. The sample with the
ITO/micro-patterned p-contact metal slot was dipped into
chemical solution containing HCl, which results in the
formation of nano-dots from ITO films. The wafer is then
etched in ICP/RIE by using the gas chemistry of Cl2
/BCl3 as the mesa etch recipe. We used CdSe/ZnS
core/shell QDs as color-selectable phosphors. Following
purification, the QDs were dissolved in toluene and spin-
coated as a single monolayer onto an LED. Electrical and
optical properties of tree type devices were measured by
an on-wafer measurement system.
The results will show that the nano-grooved LEDs are
high color conversion efficiency and the calculated
recombination rate of non-radiative QD-QW energy-
transfer compare to ITO patterned LEDs.
This work was supported by the WCU program at
Sunchon National University, and was also supported by
and also supported by the National Research Foundation
of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government
(MEST) (No. 2011-0017325).
[1] V. L. Colvin, M. C. Schlamp, A. P. Alivisatos, Nature,
vol.370, p.354, 1994.
[2] S. Coe, W. K. Woo, M. Bawendi, V. Bulovic, Nature,
vol.420, p.800, 2002.
[3] J. M. Caruge, J. E. Halpert, V. Wood, V. Bulovic, M.
G. Bawendi, Nat.Photonics, vol. 2, p. 247, 2008.
[4] M. Achermann, M.A. Petruska, S. Kos, D.L. Smith,
D.D. Koleske and V.I. Klimov, Nature, vol. 429, pp.
642-646, 2004.
[5] S. Chanyawadee, P.G. Lagoudakis, R.T. Harley,
M.D.B. Charlton, D.V. Talapin, H.W. Huang and
C.H.Lin, vol.22, pp.602-606, 2010.
Abstract #2211, 224th ECS Meeting, © 2013 The Electrochemical Society