CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS
VOL. 58, 2017
A publication of
The Italian Association
of Chemical Engineering
Online at www.aidic.it/cet
Guest Editors: Remigio Berruto, Pietro Catania, Mariangela Vallone
Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.
I SBN 978-88-95608-52-5; I SSN 2283-9216
Traceability and Labelling of Food Products from the
Consumer Perspective
Marzia Ingrassia, Simona Bacarella, Pietro Columba, Luca Altamore*, Stefania
Chironi
Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
luca.altamore@unipa.it
Traceability of food products plays an important role in improving value chain processes of businesses and
their reputation in the marketplace. In the past few years, consumers' concerns about food quality and
personal health have been closely related to a continuous improvement of traceability systems and
government regulation. Labeling of food products is a very important tool for consumers to acquire information
about the quality of food, particularly at the purchase decision stage of the buying process. The objective of
this research is to know consumers' preferences in regards to information contained in food labels. More
particularly, this study focuses on what information is required by consumers on labels of food, highlighting
groups of similar preferences. The interviews were carried out by telephone in two cities of north and south
Italy (Milan and Palermo) on a sample of consumers extracted by stratified sampling. Cluster Analysis was
performed. Results show a number of levels of information required by consumers that corresponds to
different attributes of food product shown in the label. Consumers' preferences revealed a hierarchy of
information required on labels. Particularly, with the increase of the amount of information required by the
consumer, and contained in the foodstuffs label, the interest in information about the origin of the product and
the processing increases as well. Moreover, results provide a measure of existing hierarchies among
elements of information that describe food and that assess its quality. This findings show that consumers have
more awareness about the relation between food production and quality, and they know that these elements
are strictly related to attention of businesses in regards to safe management of agricultural systems.
Furthermore, this study confirms previous literature that demonstrated how traceability is a method to reduce
information asymmetry between producers and the consumer.
1. Introduction
Discussions about new technologies applied in the food sector, especially with regards to genetic modification,
have brought into focus the consumers’ newly awakened interest in food productions and the general lack of
knowledge about it (Grunert, 2002). The several food hazards encountered since the beginning of the 90s,
have shaken consumers and drew their attention to the importance of food's traceability. Food safety issues
often result from the asymmetric information between consumers and suppliers, with regards to product-
specific attributes (Ortega et al. 2011). Consumers seek for high quality food products and they infer this
quality on the basis of a certain group of indicators, or attributes, that are classified according to the degree of
visibility, namely: search, experience, and credence attributes. More particularly, credence attributes are those
that consumers can't ever evaluate with confidence, but basing on consumers' opinions with regards to the
product itself or the producer, even after consumption (Verbeke et al., 2006). Nowadays, to define food
products' quality, consumers evaluate both intrinsic features of the product and external features, such as
traceability, origin (COO), geographical indications and certification (Mascarello et al., 2015; Jover et al.,
2004), and then choose foodstuffs according to elements that may characterize the product itself. The food
label encloses a set of information that conveys to consumers the product's characteristics, this information
can influence consumer' purchase behavior. Several studies point to the existence of a strong relationship
between the food label and consumer reactions (Hoogland et al., 2007). The evolution of society, over the last
forty years, has led to a radical change of needs and consumer behaviors. Through the purchase and the
DOI: 10.3303/CET1758145
Please cite this article as: Ingrassia M., Bacarella S., Columba P., Altamore L., Chironi S., 2017, Traceability and labelling of food products
from the consumer perspective, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 58, 865-870 DOI: 10.3303/CET1758145
865