671
Interracial Roommate Relationships:
Negotiating Daily Interactions
Thomas E. Trail
J. Nicole Shelton
Princeton University
Tessa V. West
University of Connecticut
with the same out-group person on a frequent basis. The
nature of these interactions is not static: The interactions
take place in a rich environment in which relationships
develop and impressions change over time. Initial expec-
tations may be confirmed or disconfirmed, habits that
were once closely monitored are revealed, people let
their guard down and say things they would not nor-
mally say, and they reveal personal opinions (even ones
that might best be left private). People forced to interact
with each other through their jobs or other circum-
stances generally try to get along, but each person’s
initial efforts to get along may wane over time and be
replaced by indifference or, at worst, hostility. These
dynamics may be particularly important for coworkers,
students, and so forth who are from different racial or
ethnic backgrounds, because these sometimes subtle
changes in behavior have very different meanings in
interracial interactions than they do in same-race inter-
actions (Sue et al., 2007).
In the present research, we attempt to highlight the
richness of interracial interactions as they unfold with the
same person across time in a naturally occurring setting.
The goals of this research are twofold. First, the goal is to
Authors’ Note: The Russell Sage Foundation (No. 87-02-04) and the
National Institute of Mental Health (No. 1 R03MH069121-01) pro-
vided funding for this research. We are indebted to David Kenny for
his invaluable statistical help on this manuscript, and to Lisa Pugh and
Bonnie Burlingham for their assistance with data collection. Address
correspondence to Tom Trail, Department of Psychology, Princeton
University, Princeton, NJ 08540; email: trail@princeton.edu.
PSPB, Vol. 35 No. 6, June 2009 671-684
DOI: 10.1177/0146167209332741
© 2009 by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc.
Jobs, social group memberships, or living arrangements
lead many people to interact every day with another
person from a different racial background. Given that
research has shown that interracial interactions are
often stressful, it is important to know how these daily
interactions unfold across time and what factors con-
tribute to the success or failure of these interactions.
Both members of same-race and mixed-race college
roommate pairs completed daily questionnaires measur-
ing their emotional experiences and their perceptions of
their roommate. Results revealed that roommates in
mixed-race dyads experienced less positive emotions
and intimacy toward their roommates than did room-
mates in same-race dyads and that the experience of
positive emotions declined over time for ethnic minority
students with White roommates. Mediation analyses
showed that the negative effects of roommate race were
mediated by the level of intimacy-building behaviors
performed by the roommate. Implications for future
research and university policies are discussed.
Keywords: interracial relationships; intimacy; dyads; daily
diary; roommates
I
n some areas of life, people encounter the opportunity
to interact with someone outside of their racial group
on a daily basis. A Black employee, for example, may
find herself working on a business merger that requires
her to interact with the same White female on multiple
occasions. A White man may be assigned to live with a
Latino man during his freshman year of college, creat-
ing a situation in which he may experience encounters
at Bobst Library, New York University on November 14, 2016 psp.sagepub.com Downloaded from