AFFECTIVE RESPONSES TO ACUTE RESISTANCE
EXERCISE PERFORMED AT SELF-SELECTED AND
IMPOSED LOADS IN TRAINED WOMEN
BRIAN C. FOCHT,
1
MATTHEW J. GARVER,
2
JOSHUA A. COTTER,
3
STEVEN T. DEVOR,
1
ALEXANDER R. LUCAS,
1
AND CIARAN M. FAIRMAN
1
1
Department of Human Sciences, Kinesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio;
2
Department of Kinesiology and
Nutrition, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas; and
3
Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Long
Beach, California
ABSTRACT
Focht, BC, Garver, MJ, Cotter, JA, Devor, ST, Lucas, AR, and
Fairman, CM. Affective responses to acute resistance exercise
performed at self-selected and imposed loads in trained
women. J Strength Cond Res 29(11): 3067–3074, 2015—
The purpose of this study was to examine the affective re-
sponses to acute resistance exercise (RE) performed at self-
selected (SS) and imposed loads in recreationally trained
women. Secondary purposes were to (a) examine differences
in correlates of motivation for future participation in RE and (b)
determine whether affective responses to RE were related to
these select motivational correlates of RE participation. Twenty
recreationally trained young women (mean age = 23 years)
completed 3 RE sessions involving 3 sets of 10 repetitions
using loads of 40% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), 70%
1RM, and an SS load. Affective responses were assessed
before, during, and after each RE session using the Feeling
Scale. Self-efficacy and intention for using the imposed and
SS loads for their regular RE participation during the next
month were also assessed postexercise. Results revealed that
although the SS and imposed load RE sessions yielded differ-
ent trajectories of change in affect during exercise (p , 0.01),
comparable improvements in affect emerged after RE. Addi-
tionally, the SS condition was associated with the highest rat-
ings of self-efficacy and intention for future RE participation
(p , 0.01), but affective responses to acute RE were unrelated
to self-efficacy or intention. It is concluded that acute bouts of
SS and imposed load RE resulted in comparable improve-
ments in affect; recreationally trained women reported the
highest self-efficacy and intention to use the load chosen in
SS condition in their own resistance training; and affective
responses were unrelated to motivational correlates of resis-
tance training.
KEY WORDS acute exercise, pleasure, strength training,
training load
INTRODUCTION
T
here is mounting empirical evidence demonstrat-
ing that acute resistance exercise (RE) consistently
results in significant improvements in a variety of
psychological outcomes ranging from affective re-
sponses (i.e., ratings of basic pleasure-displeasure) to stress-
related emotions such as state anxiety (8,13,18). Findings
from multiple studies of the RE-affect relationship suggest
that affective responses to acute RE are systematically influ-
enced by the training load lifted during RE with the majority
of findings suggesting that moderate loads yield the most
favorable improvements in psychological responses
(2,4,15,22).
Recent findings suggest that affective responses to acute
aerobic exercise performed at a self-selected (SS) intensity
are more favorable than those observed with prescribed
intensity exercise (26). Although emerging evidence pro-
vides support for the affective benefits accompanying acute
RE, the load imposed on participants in traditional RE pre-
scriptions designed to enhance muscular strength and hyper-
trophy may not be a representative of the load or effort level
that one would self-select during habitual exercise participa-
tion (9). This may be particularly relevant to women who
may be hesitant to select heavier training loads due to mis-
conceptions such as increased risk of injury or potentially
concern of developing undesirable levels of muscular hyper-
trophy. For example, Focht (9) demonstrated that untrained
women chose to exercise using loads and ratings of per-
ceived exertion that were significantly lower than that typi-
cally imposed in traditional RE prescriptions. From a social
cognitive theory perspective (3), exercise-related self-efficacy
beliefs have been linked with affective responses to
acute exercise (13). Specifically, the link between affect and
Address correspondence to Brian C. Focht, focht.10@osu.edu.
29(11)/3067–3074
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
Ó 2015 National Strength and Conditioning Association
VOLUME 29 | NUMBER 11 | NOVEMBER 2015 | 3067
Copyright © National Strength and Conditioning Association Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.