KEYWORDS An Indian Journal Trade Science Inc. Volume 3 Issue 1 NPAIJ, 3(1), 2007 [30-37] March 2007 Full P ull P ull P ull P ull Paper aper aper aper aper Phytotherapeutic Studies On Calothamnus Quadrifidus R. Br (Myrtaceae) Nahla A.Ayoub Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, (EGYPT) E-Mail: Ayoub.n@kink.net Sherweit H.El-Ahmady, Abdel Nasser B.Singab, Mohamed M.Al-Azizi Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, (EGYPT) Received: 14 th December, 2006 Accepted: 29 th December, 2006  ABSTRACT The aqueous ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Calothamnus quadrifidus, R. Br (Myrtaceae) showed significant biological activities including anal- gesic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycaemic and antioxidant activities. Fifteen compounds were isolated and characterized from the same extract after chromatographic column fractionation. Compounds (1-3) are phenolic acids. The remaining compounds (4-15) belong to the group of plant natural products flavonoid. This is the second report regarding the natural occurrence of compound (8), quercetin 3-O-β- 4 C 1 -D-glucuronide-3′- sulphate.  2007 Trade Science Inc. - INDIA Web Publication Date : 25 th February, 2007 Natural Products Natural Products Calothamnus quadrifidus; Myrtaceae; Analgesic activity; Anti-inflammatory activity; Hypoglycaemic activity; Antioxidant activity; Phenolics; Flavonoids. Corresponding Author Co-Authors INTRODUCTION Calothamnus (Myrtaceae) contains about 40 spe- cies, all of which are native to west Australia and are described as erect shrubs that reach 8ft. They have red or reddish flowers; some also have yellow or brown flowers, most have linear to needle shaped leaves, but a few have slightly broader leaves. Several members of the genus are called ‘Claw-flowers’ be- cause of the claw-like shape of the stamen bundles. The fruit is a capsule enclosed in the hardened and enlarged calyx-tube. The species C.quadrifidus, R. Br is known as ‘one-sided-bottlebrush’ because the red, brush-like flowers are on one side of the stem [1] . Myrtaceae plants are well known as rich sources of valuable essential oils as well as other medici- nally significant phytoconstituents including various types of phenolic compounds [2,3] . As a part of an on- going study on medicinal plants belonging to family Myrtaceae, C.quadrifidus R. Br cultivated in Egypt was chosen to be the subject of a detailed biological and phytochemical investigation for its aqueous ethanolic extract. No reports concerning the phyto- constituents of this genus were traced in literature;