Aguilar, Benitez & Macapagal / Relational Nation 63
Kritika Kultura 39 (2022): 63–096 © Ateneo de Manila University
<https://ajol.ateneo.edu/kk>
Abstract
In implementing the Rizal Law, the Department of Education’s K-12 Curriculum Guide
emphasizes the study of characters in Rizal’s novels as a means to cultivate patriotism among
the youth. In this light, this paper presents ethnographically how students from two public
high schools in Rizal Province relate with characters in Noli me tángere. In the classroom, these
characters have developed a status akin to “real” historical beings. Concomitantly, students use
tropes that connect these characters to their own lives, relationships, and understandings of
the social world. Te students’ relationships elicit moral standards for imagining the nation and
embodying their own patriotism.
Keywords
characters, orality, public education, tropes, Rizal Law
RELATIONAL NATION
The Appreciation of Characters in Rizal’s Noli me tángere in Two
Philippine Public High Schools
Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr.
Ateneo de Manila University
fvaguilar@ateneo.edu
Christian Jil R. Benitez
Ateneo de Manila University
cbenitez@ateneo.edu
Ma. Elizabeth J. Macapagal
Ateneo de Manila University
mmacapagal@ateneo.edu