Thelypteris amazonica sp. nov. (Thelypteridaceae) from Amazonian Brazil Alexandre Salino, Rozijane Santos Fernandes and Marcio Roberto Pietrobom A. Salino (salinobh@gmail.com) and R. S. Fernandes, UFMG  Univ. Federal de Minas Gerais, Inst. Cie ˆncias Biolo ´gicas, Depto de Botaˆnica, Caixa Postal 486, BR-30123-970 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.  M. R. Pietrobom, Univ. Federal do Para´, Campus Braganc ¸a, Lab. Biologia Vegetal, Al. Leandro Ribeiro s/n, BR-68370-000 Braganc ¸a, Para´, Brazil. A new species of Thelypteris subgenus Goniopteris (Thelypteridaceae) is described and illustrated: Thelypteris amazonica Salino & R. S. Fernandes is apparently most similar to Thelypteris anoptera (Kunze) C. Chr. (Brazil-Bahia) and T. abrupta (Desv.) Proctor (Antilles, Central America, South America), but differs from both by the clavate vein ends, basal vein pairs from adjacent segments not united below the sinuses, and petioles with simple and stellate hairs. Thelypteris amazonica is known only from Amazonian Brazil. Thelypteris subg. Goniopteris has been recognized by several authors as a natural group for a long time (Christensen 1913, Tryon and Tryon 1982, Smith 1983, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1995a,b, Mickel and Smith 2004) and corroborated as a monophyletic group in the Thelypteridaceae (Smith and Cranfill 2002, Schuettpelz and Pryer 2007, Salino et al. unpubl.). According to Salino (2002), the presence of furcate or stellate hairs is a morphological synapomorphy of subgenus Goniopteris, but there are several species that lack the stellate or furcate hairs (Smith 1992). Subgenus Goniopteris comprises 80 to 100 Neotropical species (Smith 1992), and 28 species in Brazil (Salino and Almeida 2010). Ten species of subg. Goniopteris are now known from Amazonian Brazil. Herbarium material collected by the authors have been studied using classical taxonomic methods. The spores were transferred from herbarium specimens to aluminum SEM stubs coated with double-sided carbon tape. The stubs were then coated with gold in a sputter-coater, and spores were imaged digitally using a DSM-950 Carl Zeiss SEM. The accelerating voltage was 15 kV. This work provides the description of a new species discovered during expeditions to the Brazilian states of Maranha ˜o and Para ´. Thelypteris amazonica Salino & R. S. Fernandes sp. nov. (Fig. 1, 2) A T. anopterae (Kuntze) C. Chr. e T. abruptae (Desv.) Proctor similis sed a ambabus speciebus nervis apice clavatis, nervis basalibus segmentorum adjacentium liberis et petiolis tricho- matibus simplicibus majoribus et trichomatibus minoribus stellatis differt. Type: Brazil. Para ´: Goiane ´sia, Zona de Protec ¸a ˜o de Vida Silvestre  UHE de Tucuruı ´, base 4, trilha 8, 04815?0.6??S, 49831?01.7??W; 04815?47.85??S, 49830?17.6??W, 102179 m a.s.l., 25 Sep 2008, R. S. Fernandes and S. Maciel 300 (holotype: MG, isotypes: BHCB, UC, RB). Plants terrestrial. Stems decumbent to erect, scales lanceo- late, atrocastaneous, with furcate and stellate hairs. Leaves 3387 cm long, monomorphic to slightly dimorphic, fertile leaves with longer petioles; petioles sulcate adaxially, 1733 cm long in sterile leaves, 2650 cm long in fertile leaves, 0.120.39 cm diameter, scaly at base, scales like those of stems, pilose with stellate and simple hairs. Laminae 18.533.5 cm long, ovate to deltoid-ovate, chartaceous, not verrucose, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid, apex abruptly reduced and subconform pinnae; buds or plantlets present in axils of distal pinnae; aerophopres absent; rachises densely pilose with a mixture of long simple hairs (0.40.6 mm) and short simple, furcate and stellate hairs (0.140.24 mm), scales very sparse or absent; pinnae in 818 pairs, 9.021.5 1.8 3.0 cm, perpendicular to ascending, the proximal pair usually deflexed, lanceolate to elliptic, sessile to short- stalked to 0.2 mm, apex acute to acuminate, base truncate to oblique, in the basal pinnae the basal basiscopic segments reduced and acroscopic segments overlapping the rachis; pinnae incised to (1/3) 1/23/4 their width; costae and costules adaxially moderately pilose with simple and furcate hairs 0.1 mm, veins and laminar surfaces glabrous, except near the margin of the segments; costae and costules abaxially densely pilose with a mixture of simple hairs, 0.40.6 mm, and simple and furcate hairs, 0.10.2 mm, veins and laminar surfaces glabrous; segments 3.34.0 mm wide, slightly arcuate, entire, rounded to acute apically, Nordic Journal of Botany 29: 611614, 2011 doi: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2011.01332.x, # 2011 The Authors. Nordic Journal of Botany # 2011 Nordic Society Oikos Subject Editor: Bertil Sta ˚hl. Accepted 5 August 2011 611