Cannella V, et al., (2014) Obtaining Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue of Murin Origin: Experimental Study. Int J Stem Cell Res Transplant. 2(5), 86 http://scidoc.org/ijst.php International Journal of Stem Cell Research and Transplantation (IJST) ISSN: 2328-3548 Obtaining Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Adipose Tissue Of Murin Origin: Experimental Study Research Article Altomare R 1 , Cannella V 3* , Abruzzo A 1 , Palumbo VD 1,2,4,6 , Damiano G 2,4 , Spinelli G 2,4 , Ficarella S 4 , Cicero L 3 , Cassata G 3 , Di Bella S 3 , Di Marco P 3 , Purpari G 3 , Gioviale MC 4 , Damiani F 1,4 , Sinagra E 1 , Pisano C 4 , Marino A 5 , LO Monte G 5 , Tomasello G 2,4,6 , Guercio A 3 , Lo Monte AI 2,4 1 Phd School in Surgical Biotechnology and Regenerative Medicine. School of Medicine – School of Biotechnology, University of Palermo, Italy. 2 DICHIRONS Department, School of Medicine. University of Palermo. Italy. 3 Istituto Zooproflattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A.Mirri, Palermo, Italy. 4 AUOP “P. Giaccone”, Universitary Hospital, Palermo, Italy. 5 School of Biotechnology, University of Palermo, Italy. 6 Euromediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy. *Corresponding Author: Vincenza Cannella, Executive-cell culture lab, Diagnostic Virologic Area, Istituto Zoopro- flattico Sperimentale (IZS) della Sicilia A.Mirri, via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy. E-mail: vincenza.cannella@izssicilia.it Recieved: September 26, 2014 Accepted: November 05, 2014 Published: November 06, 2014 Citation: Cannella V, et al., (2014) Obtaining Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue of Murin Origin: Experimental Study. Int J Stem Cell Res Transplant. 2(5), 86-90. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.19070/2328- 3548-1400014 Copyright: Cannella V © 2014. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Introduction Stem cells are primitive not specialized cells, able to regenerate themselves and to differentiate into specifc cell types [1]. Accord- ing to their differentiative ability, stem cells are classifed in totipo- tent (isolated by the frst phases of the embryo development until the eight-cell stage), able to give rise to all cell types of the organ- ism, including extra-embryonic tissues [1,2]; pluripotent, isolated from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and able to differenti- ate into cell types derived from the three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm) but not in extra-embryonic tissues [2]; multipotent (identifed in the fetus and in the adult tissues), capa- ble of generating a limited number of cell types, restricted to a single germ layer; unipotent, able to generate a single cell type [3]. According to the stage of development of the organism from which they are obtained, stem cells can also be classifed in em- bryonic and adult stem cells [1]. Embryonic stem cells (ESC), pluripotent, have a high grade of plasticity and self-renewal, with an important therapeutic poten- tial, but may form tumors when injected and may determine host immune rejection . Moreover, their use opens a wide spectrum of ethical concerns [4]. Adult stem cells (ASC), multipotent, have a more limited differentiation and proliferative potential compared to ESC but do not present ethical problems. ASCs are naturally present in each organism during the whole life and their role is repairing tissues after injuries and replace old cells [1,2]. Among ASCs, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), multipotent, rep- resent a promising tool in clinical applications for their differen- tiative potential towards mesoderm-derived lineage (liver, kidney, muscle, epithelial, neuronal and cardiac cells) [5]. Abstract The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize rat Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (AD-MSCs) in order to evaluate their proliferative potential and their ability to differentiate in different cell types. AD-MSCs and Derived Mesen- chymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) have the same characteristics in terms of plasticity. The advantage of adipose tissue is that it is an easier accessible source and it offers a large amount of MSCs by less invasive surgical tecniques. MSCs were obtained from subcutaneous adipose tissue of Wistar rats. First of all microbiological controls were made to exclude the presence of bacteria or fungi in the tissue. Adipose tissue was mechanically and enzimatically fragmented and stomal cell fraction was seeded in adherent culture fasks in DMEM 20% FBS. After 48h the medium was replaced. Cells were characterized by evaluating: 1)their ability to adhere to the plastic; 2) the clonogenic potential by Colony Forming Unit (CFU) assay; 3) their ability to differentiate in 3 mesodermal lineages (adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes). AD-MSCs are able to differenti- ate in adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes as confrmed by Oil Red’O staining, von Kossa staining and histological analysis respectively. This frst characterization is essential for the second part of our study in which we are planning to use AD-MSCs in vivo to restore renal function after an induced ischemic damage in experimental animals. Keywords: Adipose tissue, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Regenerative Medicine.