JOURNAL OF
CONSUMER MARKETING
4
Introduction
I don’t think people actually sit down and
watch TV anymore. They just have it on, and
whatever gets their attention, they stick to it.
Focus group quotation
Television is a medium of the future, with
seemingly endless outreach possibilities as
new interactive capabilities are introduced
throughout the technological world. Viewers
face increasing choices on the information
superhighway; yet, the process of how they
watch television has not been thoroughly
studied. Do viewers really “view” television,
or do they use it as background noise or a
“babysitter” for their children? Do they scan
it occasionally, or instead use it for security
when no one is at home? The television
viewer of the present is neither understood
nor studied in the context of the variety of
multiple activities which generally
accompany typical viewers’ experience.
Advertisers lament the overwhelming
commercial “clutter” which pervades the
airwaves, as numerous advertisements,
“infomercials”, and mini-series type
messages compete for viewers’ attention
(Flint, 1991). They realize that many things in
the home also compete for their audience’s
attention.
In this article, the authors report on in-
depth interviews with major advertising
agencies concerning the realities of viewer
behavior. Though the agency executives were
familiar with the situational clutter which
viewers experience in their own homes, they
felt that the effects of such informational and
activity saturation are still under-researched.
Representatives from various agencies
consistently mentioned their concern that
advertising is often available in the context of
multiple activities. Consumers are likely to be
doing other things, such as playing with their
children, eating their meals or reading the
newspaper, while watching TV. Agencies are
concerned that their ads must not only “cut
through the clutter” of other programming,
but also cut through the clutter at home, as
viewers’ attention becomes divided.
As a result of those questions, our goal in
the study reported here was to investigate the
process of using one advertising medium,
Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 11 No. 4, 1994, pp. 4-17
© MCB University Press, 0736-3761
In Pursuit of the Nomadic
Viewer
Carol Felker Kaufman and Paul M. Lane
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial
support and consultation provided by Kolon,
Bittker, and Desmond, Inc., of Detroit, Michigan,
who sponsored this research, as part of the
Western Michigan University/KBD Study. We
would also like to thank the respondent agency
interviewees for sharing their time and
professional expertise; and the consumer analysis
students, whose efforts, constructive criticism,
and insight provided the information presented in
this article.