Open Access Journal of Dental Sciences ISSN: 2573-8771 Bonding to Zirconia (A Systematic Review) J Dental Sci Bonding to Zirconia (A Systematic Review) Gowida MA 1 * and Aboushelib MN 2 1 Senior Registrar at the Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt 2 Professor of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Egypt *Corresponding author: Mohamed Atta Gowida, Alexandria University, Egypt, Tel: +02-0111-955-9200; E-mail: mohamedgowida@gmail.com Abstract The aim was set for this systematic review: to analyze the recent techniques of bonding to zirconia. Current literature of in vitro studies regarding bond strength achieved using different surface treatments on zirconia in combination with adhesive cement systems was selected from PubMed and systematically analyzed and completed with reference tracking. The total number of publications included was 557 studies. The surface treatments are divided into two main groups: Surface micro roughness techniques and chemical surface treatment. Conclusion, Fusion sputtering , Selective infiltration etching ,Plasma oxyfluoride, Nano-alumina coating, Application of a tribochemical silica coating, Zirconia & metal primers or Zirconia particle deposition can result in sufficient bond strength for the bonding of oxide ceramics. Resin cements containing esteric organophosphate monomer (MDP) have shown in different studies a higher capacity of adhesion and stability after aging process; this is attributed to the capacity to bind metal oxides such as zirconium oxide (ZrO2). Keywords: Zirconia; Adhesive Cements; Bond Strength; Surface Treatment Introduction Zirconium oxide (ZrO2), or zirconia, is a metal oxide that was identified as a reaction product of heating the gem, zircon, by the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789 [1]. Developments over the last 10–15 years in ceramic materials science for dental applications have led to a class of high strength materials (i.e. zirconia- based ceramics) which potentially provide better fracture resistance and long-term viability when compared to porcelain and other inorganic, non-metallic alternatives. There is a wealth of information in the scientific literature regarding the use of zirconia (ZrO2) in dental applications [2-4]. Zirconia is a polycrystalline material, which can exhibit structural polymorphism (monoclinic, tetragonal and cubic form) depending on pressure and temperature conditions [5]. The most useful mechanical properties can be obtained when zirconia is in a multiphase form, known as Partially Stabilized Zirconia (PSZ) In the presence of a small amount of stabilizing oxides. The finely dispersed tetragonal ZrO2 grains within the cubic matrix, provided that they are small enough, can be maintained in a meta stable state that is able to transform into the monoclinic phase [6]. Although superior in terms of mechanical performance (strength, toughness, fatigue resistance), there are some inherent problems associated with ZrO2. One problem is with adhesion to the variety of substrates (synthetics or tissues) that can be encountered in dental or other biomedical applications. Conventional cementation/attachment techniques used with ZrO2 components do not provide sufficient bond strength for many of these applications [7-9]. In recent years, ZrO2 has gained attention as a biomaterial due to superior mechanical properties, compared to alumina (Al2O3), and Research Article Volume 1 Issue 1 Received Date: May 23, 2016 Published Date: June 17, 2016 DOI: 10.23880/oajds-16000102