IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Volume: 03 Special Issue: 14 | Nov-2014 | SMART-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 86 ROLES AND USAGES OF RDF, SPARQL, ONTOLOGY TOOLS IN SEMANTIC WEB Rupal Gupta 1 , Ruchika Gupta 2 , Ashish Bishnoi 3 1 CCSIT, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad 2 Bansal Institute, Rohini 3 CCSIT, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad Abstract Semantic web has become as a new version of machine-understandable web including with intelligent search results in order to improve search along with data usage on the global scale. Semantic web vision is to allow intelligent description and interchange of integrated data from various distributed and heterogeneous web resources. A structure for this data on web is known as Resource Description Framework (RDF) where data is stored in the form of XML (Extended Markup Language). For effective and efficient Retrieval of the data from such large RDF, a query language SPARQL (Standard Protocol and RDF Query Language) is used. In this paper, the usages and roles of RDF, SPARQL and Web ontology is shown with illustrations of SPARQL queries along with some optimization heuristics. Keywords: Semantic web, Ontology, TWINKLE, RDF, SPARQL, JENA ARQ, -------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Semantic Web The semantic web is a potential web which provides a common framework to allow data to be shared and utilized across different web applications, enterprises and communities across world [1]. Semantic web is a broad area which consists of several components or technologies like URI, XML, RDF, RDF Schema, OWL, Unifying Logic, Proof, Trust, User interface and applications and various tools to support them. It is based on the interlinked ontology through which machine can understand the data and also it can be annotated semantically [2]. Therefore, information on web should be expressed in a meaningful way accessible to machines which may be achieved by Resource Description Framework (RDF) as a basic data format which represents resources information on the web. [3] 1.2 RDF RDF is a basic format of representing data for Semantic Web. RDF is a framework which uses metadata and URIs to identify web resources and a graph model that describes relationship among resources. RDF describes web resources in terms of (S-P-O) subject-predicate-object triples where the subject indicates the resource, and the predicate indicates different aspects of resource and show a relationship between subject and object.[4,5] RDF graphs are also represented using these RDF triples with S-P-O. [11] The RDF specification has its own semantics and keywords known as RDFS (Resource Description Framework Semantics), which is used to represent some special relationships among resources such as inheritance of classes and properties [5]. RDF Tools- It Stores and manages any kind of RDF data. Some of the tools are listed below with the purpose and features. Table 1- RDF Tools Name of tool Versio n Purpose Features ARC 2 RDF Store & semantic web developmen t Flexible RDF storage, SPARQL query Bigdata 0.81b RDF store It supports RDF Schema and OWL Lite reasoning along with support to high level query Sesame 3.0- alpha1 RDF store, Querying It is an Open source RDF framework that support RDFS inferencing and query 4 store 0.9.2 RDF store &query Efficient, scalable & stable RDF database 1.3 SPARQL SPARQL stands for “Simple protocol and RDF query Language”, which is a protocol and standard used to access