1 3 Theor Appl Genet DOI 10.1007/s00122-016-2834-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Homoeologous recombination-based transfer and molecular cytogenetic mapping of a wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus resistance gene Wsm3 from Thinopyrum intermedium to wheat Tatiana V. Danilova 1 · Guorong Zhang 2 · Wenxuan Liu 3 · Bernd Friebe 1 · Bikram S. Gill 1 Received: 7 October 2016 / Accepted: 18 November 2016 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 to WSMV at 18 and 24 °C and also confers resistance to Triticum mosaic virus, but only at 18 °C. Wsm3 is the only gene conferring resistance to WSMV at a high temperature level of 24 °C. We also developed a user-friendly molecu- lar marker that will allow to monitor the transfer of Wsm3 in breeding programs. Wsm3 is presently being transferred to adapted hard red winter wheat cultivars and can be used directly in wheat improvement. Introduction Wheat streak mosaic, caused by the wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), is an important disease of common wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) in the Great Plains of North America and many winter wheat and spring wheat-producing areas worldwide. WSMV is transmitted by wheat curl mites (Aceria tosichella Kiefer). WSMV-infected plants are stunted with mottled and yellow streaked leaves and usually are sterile. Yield losses of up to 13% to WSMV have been reported in Kansas, with an average annual loss of about 2% (Sim et al. 1988; Chris- tian and Willis 1993; McNeil et al. 1996). Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) was first identified in Kansas in 2006 (Seif- ers et al. 2008) and also is transmitted by the wheat curl mite (Seifers et al. 2009). High levels of resistance to WSMV and TriMV are reported in some members of the Triticeae, such as rye (Secale cereale L.) and several perennial genera includ- ing Thinopyrum (McKinney and Sando 1951; Martin et al. 1976; Sharma et al. 1984; Stoddard et al. 1987a, b). To date, only three genes conferring resistance to WSVM are named and two, Wsm1 and Wsm3, were derived from the perennial species Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth & D.R. Dewey (2n = 6x = 42, JJJ s J s SS). Wsm1 was transferred by Abstract Key message Here, we report the production of a wheat–Thinopyrum intermedium recombinant stock conferring resistance to wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus. Abstract Wheat streak mosaic caused by the wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) is an important disease of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) worldwide. To date, only three genes conferring resistance to WSMV have been named and two, Wsm1 and Wsm3, were derived from the dis- tantly related wild relative Thinopyrum intermedium. Wsm3 is only available in the form of a compensating wheat–Th. intermedium whole-arm Robertsonian trans- location T7BS·7S#3L. Whole-arm alien transfers usually suffer from linkage drag, which prevents their use in cul- tivar improvement. Here, we report ph1b-induced homoe- ologous recombination to shorten the Th. intermedium seg- ment and recover a recombinant chromosome consisting of the short arm of wheat chromosome 7B, part of the long arm of 7B, and the distal 43% of the long arm derived from the Th. intermedium chromosome arm 7S#3L. The recom- binant chromosome T7BS·7BL-7S#3L confers resistance Communicated by P. Langridge. * Bernd Friebe friebe@ksu.edu 1 Department of Plant Pathology, Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5502, USA 2 Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Kansas State University, Hays, KS 67601, USA 3 Laboratory of Cell and Chromosome Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China