262 Community Medicine & Education Journal Vol 4 Issue 1 2022 1. Introduction COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease2019) is a new type of disease caused by a virus from the coronavirus, namely the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2. 1.2 COVID-19 can cause respiratory system disorders, ranging from mild symptoms such as flu to lung infections, such as pneumonia. Studies in 2020 demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 not only activates an antiviral immune response but can also induce an uncontrolled inflammatory response characterized by the marked release of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with severe COVID-19, leading to lymphopenia, lymphocytic dysfunction. And granulocyte and monocyte abnormalities. The immune pattern of COVID-19 includes lymphopenia, lymphocyte activation and dysfunction, granulocyte and monocyte abnormalities, increased cytokine production, and increased antibodies. Lymphopenia is a major feature of patients with COVID-19, especially in severe cases. CD69, CD38, and CD44 were highly expressed on the patient's CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and virus-specific T cells from severe cases displayed a central memory phenotype with high levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2. However, lymphocyte dysfunction demonstrated phenotypic exhaustion with Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD1), T Cell Immunoglobulin Domain and Mucin Domain-3 (TIM3), and increased subfamily Killer Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily C Member 2 (NKG2A). Neutrophil levels were significantly higher in severe patients, while the percentages of eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes were reduced. Increased Comparison of Immune Response and Immunobiology in COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Mild-Moderate Degree and Severe Degree Rachmat Hidayat 1# , Patricia Wulandari 2 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia 2 Cattleya Mental Health Center, Palembang, Indonesia ARTICLE INFO Keywords: COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Immunology Degree of disease *Corresponding author: Rachmat Hidayat E-mail address: dr.rachmat.hidayat@gmail.com All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript. https://doi.org/10.37275/cmej.v4i1.245 A B S T R A C T The difference in immunological profiles between mild-moderate and severe cases of COVID-19 can be seen in lower lymphocyte counts, leukocytes, and higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios. And lower percentages of monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils in severe COVID-19 cases. Proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6, as well as IL-8 and infection markers such as procalcitonin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein, were also found to be higher in severe clinical cases. T Helper, T suppressor, and T regulatory were found to be decreased in COVID-19 patients with lower numbers of T helper and T regulatory in severe cases. Community Medicine & Education Journal Journal Homepage: https://hmpublisher.com/index.php/CMEJ