~ 423 ~ Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2016; 5(4): 423-426 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2016; 9(4): 423-426 Received: 28-05-2016 Accepted: 29-06-2016 Md. Shamim 1) Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India 2) Present address Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India Deepak Kumar Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Deepti Srivastava Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Raja Hussain Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India NA Khan Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Mahesh Kumar Present address Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India Vinod Kumar Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India Pankaj Kumar Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India KN Singh Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India Corresponding Author: Md. Shamim 1) Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, India 2) Present address Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India Biochemical and molecular analysis of wild rice and maize (non-host) against R. solani Md. Shamim, Deepak Kumar, Deepti Srivastava, Raja Hussain, NA Khan, Mahesh Kumar, Vinod Kumar, Pankaj Kumar and KN Singh Abstract Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a serious disease of rice crop grown worldwide. In rice, (O. sativa L.)], complete genetic resistance does not exist. For the identification of possible gene(s) involved in defense against this pathogen during infection, wild rice accession Oryza rufipogan, and nonhost maize cv. Kanchan has been showed moderately resistance. Total RNA and protein has been isolated from the control and inoculated plants leaves. Isolated mRNA was converted into cDNA and differentially expressed proteins were studied with RGA primers. The biochemical processes underlying the expression of resistance to R. solani infection were investigated and compared in wild rice, and non- host maize. Some important resistance gene analogue fragments and proteins were showed higher expression in wild rice (Oryza rufipogan) in comparison to maize cv. Kanchan. These induce RGA and biochemical signals will be further used for the investigation of resistance against sheath blight pathogen. Keywords: host resistance, sheath blight, differentially expressed protein, wild rice Introduction Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn is a plant pathogenic fungus with a wide host range and worldwide distribution and has a significant economic impact in the development and production of a wide variety of crops [1] . To date, 13 Anastomosis Groups (AGs) have been recognized according to hyphal anastomosis behavior, cultural morphology, host range and pathogenicity [2] . Sheath blight (ShB), causes significant yield loss and reduction in grain quality for rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the southern U.S. and other regions of the world [3] . This disease has been described as crown and brace root rot on maize (Zea mays L.), caused by R. solani [teleomorph Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk)], anastomosis group AG2-2IIIB [4] . Wild rice accessions have been used to successfully develop resistance against many rice diseases [5] . Over the years, a very large number of accessions from different species of Oryza have been tested at IRRI (International Rice Research Institute) to identify sources for ShB resistance. From a total of 233 accessions tested, 76 were found to contain a high level of resistance to ShB and 29 showed moderately resistance. The latter accessions belonged to the African rice, O. glaberrima (2n = 24 AA), a close relative of O. sativa (2n = 24 AA). Gene expression profiling is a promising approach to study the regulatory mechanisms and signaling networks that underlie plant defense responses and pathogenesis. Zhao et al. (2008) [6] found 50 genes of diverse function that were transcritpionally activated in rice after challenge by R. solani. Venu et al. (2007) [7] detected numerous up- and down-regulated rice genes after infection by R. solani using SAGE and microarray analysis. Silva et al. (2012) [8] conducted a research to exploit whole genome sequences of 13 rice (Oryza sativa L.) inbred lines to identify non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) and candidate genes for resistance to sheath blight. Over the last few years, genetic and molecular studied on the disease and pathogen have been reported in maize [9, 10] . These studies have revealed that resistance to BLSB is a typical quantitative trait controlled by polygenes and three significant QTL located on chromosomes two, six, and ten to be responsible for resistance to BLSB respectively [11] . In addition, many catalytic enzymes involved in response to R. solani infection were analyzed, including chitinase, glucanase and phenylamine ammonia lyase and few pathogenesis-associated genes and some potential defense pathways were involved in response to R. solani infection [12, 13] . In contrast to the aforementioned developments, there has been little progress toward understanding the resistance networks of genetic and proteomic molecules involved for sheath blight in different hosts including rice at a transcriptomics and proteomic levels. Thus, the present study is conducted for the comparative biomolecules for the understandings of defence mechanisms of different hosts against R. solani.