Gill Ankur, International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology.
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(Volume 3, Issue 4)
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A Research on Fault Detection and Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing
Ankur Gill
*
Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Swami Vivekanand Institute of Engineering & Technology, Chandigarh
ankurgill6@gmail.com
Abstract: Mechanical failure prevention and condition monitoring have been one o f the mechanical engineers’ concerns in
recent years due to the personal safety, reliability, failure cost, and equipment downtime issues. Proper system failure
prevention process helps to reduce the possibility of the system malfunction, identification of source causes, and
troubleshooting. The use of novel sensors such as an Air-coupled ultrasonic transducer, Eddy current, Piezo electric ultrasonic
transducer as diagnostic tools for detection of bearing faults has been investigated. A series of experiments were carried out in
a laboratory environment. Localized defects with different sizes were created intentionally on the test bearing components
simulating evolving cracks or other related faults. Four different signal processing techniques were applied to extract the
signal features.The resulting data for different bearing speed and load showed that the sensors are capable of detecting
different types of defects located on the bearing components.
Keywords: Bearing, Novel Sensors, Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Transducer, Eddy Current, Piezo Electric ultrasonic Transducer.
I. INTRODUCTION
Bearing Failure Types and Fault Signatures
The causes of bearing failures, their probable effects, methods which can be used to reduce bearing failures and a review of
processes involved in the generation of vibration from a defective bearing will be addressed.
1. Failure Causes
Bearing failure can cause not only personal injury but also unscheduled replacement or repairs, which lead to high maintenance
costs in rotating machinery. To list, all the known types and causes of bearing damage is beyond the scope of this thesis and for
this reason, only the most common bearing failure causes are mentioned. Wear, crack, fatigue, corrosion, and brinelling are the
most important failure means, which cause localized defects on bearings. The other types of failures which cause distributed
defects generally originate from inadequate maintenance, improper disassembling or assembling; and harsh operating conditions
such as insufficient lubrication or very high speed or acceleration and. the performance characteristics of a defective bearing can
be monitored by a variety of measurement instrumentations through processes such as vibration or temperature analyses. At the
first signs of the bearing damage, the causes and effects should be analyzed so that the steps to avoid the further damage can be
taken.
1.1 Wear Damage
Wear is a frequent cause of bearing damage. Wear occurs mainly due to dirt and foreign particles entering the bearing through
inadequate sealing or contaminated lubrication, which result in an increase in friction between metal contacts, and changes of the
raceway profile. The exposed bearing to the wear damage would gradually deteriorate leading to a loss of dimensions and
associated problems.
1.2 Fatigue Damage
After a certain running time, a bearing that is subjected to loading fails due to fatigue of the material. If a bearing is also
destructively preloaded or overstressed, after a shorter operating time, it will also stop working due to fatigue damage. A fatigue
crack begins below the surface and propagates towards the surface as loading continues, until a piece of metal breaks away
leaving a pit in the contact area. Fatigue grows faster if the bearing is overloaded, over speeding, or oil starving.