Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation 18: 305–319, 2021 ISSN 1823-3902 E-ISSN 2550-1909 Received 03 May 2021 Reviewed 21 July 2021 Accepted 02 September 2021 Published 15 October 2021 Research Article Ant Community Structure in Secondary Logged Forest of Malua Forest Reserve, Sabah, Borneo Qian-Qun Koid, Rui-Yu Wong, Gillian Gabriel, Kalsum M. Yusah* Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia. * Corresponding author: kalsum@ums.edu.my Abstract Ants are ecologically dominant and important in the functioning of an ecosystem. Thus, understanding their community structure has become fundamental in ecological studies. This study aims to examine the ant richness, abundance, and composition in the secondary logged forests of Sabah, Malaysia. Ground-based fogging was employed to collect canopy ants (n=38) and Winkler extraction method for leaf litter ants (n=63). A total of 12,810 ant individuals were collected, representing 389 morphospecies, 65 genera, and 11 subfamilies. The most species- rich subfamily for canopy and leaf litter ants were Formicinae (112 morphospecies, 49.34%) and Myrmicinae (116 morphospecies, 58.00%) respectively. Polyrhachis (56 morphospecies, 24.67%) was the most diverse genera in the canopy, while Pheidole (23 morphospecies, 11.50%) was the most speciose genera on the leaf litter. The most abundant species for canopy and leaf litter ants were Dolichoderus 1 (876 individuals) and Carebara 2 (1,215 individuals) respectively. The randomized species accumulation curves and species richness estimators reveal that additional sampling is required. We suggest that incorporating a variety of ant sampling methods and high sampling efforts are important to thoroughly sample the ant assemblage in an area. Keywords: Formicidae, Borneo, secondary logged forest, species estimators, accumulation curve Introduction Logged forests are often assumed to be degraded and fragmented lands that support limited taxonomic groups (Bihn et al., 2010). Their conservation value is neglected and subsequently make them extremely vulnerable to non-forest land-use conversion (Edwards et al., 2011; Edwards et al., 2014b). For instance, constant pressure from conservationists to restrict the conversion of primary forests into agricultural lands, and changes in policy to increase agricultural profitability, have caused governments as well as plantation agencies to shift their focus to logged degraded forests (Wilcove et al., 2010).