Computational modelling of flash boiling flows: A literature survey Yixiang Liao ⇑ , Dirk Lucas Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany article info Article history: Received 15 February 2017 Received in revised form 20 March 2017 Accepted 31 March 2017 Keywords: Flashing flow Nucleation Coalescence and breakup Two-fluid model Poly-disperse abstract A review of published work on the physics and modelling of flashing flows is presented. The term ‘‘flash- ing” refers to a familiar phase change phenomenon initiated by pressure drop. It has gained a great deal of attention due to various industrial safety concerns. Nevertheless, knowledge about the involved physical processes such as formation and growth of bubbles in superheated liquid, and information for appropri- ate modelling in practical systems is still far from sufficiency. The present work is aimed to provide a brief but comprehensive overview of available theoretical models for these sub-phenomena as well as general modelling frameworks. This kind of review is necessary and helpful for further understanding and inves- tigation of flashing flows in more detail. Ó 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 247 2. Underlying physics and theoretical models ................................................................................ 248 2.1. Flashing inception ............................................................................................... 248 2.2. Nucleation modelling ............................................................................................ 248 2.2.1. Homogeneous ‘‘Seeding” .................................................................................. 249 2.2.2. ‘‘Step” function .......................................................................................... 249 2.2.3. ‘‘Nucleation” model ...................................................................................... 250 2.3. Bubble growth .................................................................................................. 254 2.4. Vapour generation rate ........................................................................................... 255 2.4.1. HRM model ............................................................................................. 255 2.4.2. Bubble growth model ..................................................................................... 256 2.4.3. Interfacial exchange model ................................................................................ 256 2.5. Interfacial area density ........................................................................................... 256 3. Modelling of flashing flows ............................................................................................. 257 3.1. Thermal equilibrium ............................................................................................. 258 3.1.1. Without slip ............................................................................................ 258 3.1.2. With slip ............................................................................................... 259 3.2. Thermal non-equilibrium ......................................................................................... 259 3.2.1. Without slip ............................................................................................ 259 3.2.2. With slip ............................................................................................... 259 3.3. CFD simulation of flashing flows ................................................................................... 260 4. Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 262 Acknowledgement .................................................................................................... 262 References .......................................................................................................... 262 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.03.121 0017-9310/Ó 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: y.liao@hzdr.de (Y. Liao). International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 111 (2017) 246–265 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijhmt