Paul Ndubuisi / Elixir Fin. Mgmt. 118 (2018) 50940-50946 50940
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Nigerian economy has been plagued with several
challenges over the years. Nigeria has not been able to
effectively tap or harness her economic potentials for rapid
economic development inspite of frequent changes in
monetary and other macro-economic policies (Ogwuma,
1996). Monetary policy is therefore defined as a combination
of measures designed to regulate the value, supply and cost of
money in the economy in consonance with the expected level
of economic activities (CBN, 1995). It is the deliberate use of
monetary instruments at the disposal of monetary authorities
such as Central Bank in order to achieve macroeconomic
stability.
Monetarist strongly believe that monetary policy exact
greater impact on economic activity as unanticipated change
in the stock of money affects output, prices and growth.
Monetary policy is essentially the tool for executing the
mandate of monetary and price stability. It is essentially a
program of action undertaken by monetary authorities to
control and regulate the supply of money and flow of credit to
achieve predetermined objectives (De Gregorio (1993).
The importance of monetary policy implementation in
any economy cannot be over emphasized as excess supply of
money would result in excess demand for goods and services
resulting to inflation and deterioration of balance of payment
position. On the other hand, inadequate supply of money
could induce stagnation in the economy thereby retarding
growth and development. Consequently, monetary authorities
must strive to keep the supply of money at an appropriate rate
to ensure price stability and sustained economic growth.
In Nigeria, the achievement of price stability is
predicated on monetary policy stance (Idowu, 2010, Nenbee
and Madume 2011). Also the major objectives of monetary
policy are the attainment of price stability and sustainable
economic growth. The associated objectives are those of full
employment, stable long-term interest rates and real exchange
rates. In pursuing these objectives, the CBN recognizes the
existence of conflicts among the objectives necessitating at
some point some sort of trade-offs (Uchendu, 2010). The
Bank manipulates the operational target (Monetary Policy
Rate, MPR) over which it has substantial direct control to
influence the intermediate target (broad money supply M2)
which in turn impacts on the ultimate objective price stability
and sustainable growth (Okafor, 2009, Uchendu, 2009).
The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), achieves the
monetary policy goals through the amount of money
supplied. Money supply comprises narrow and broad money.
Narrow money includes currency in circulation and demand
deposit in the banks. The broad money (M
2
) includes narrow
money (M
1
) plus savings and time deposits as well as foreign
denominated deposits (CBN, 2011).
The broad money measures the total volume of money
supply in the economy. Thus excess liquidity may arise in the
economy when broad money is over and above the output
level. This causes inflation. The need to regulate money
supply is based on the fact that there a stable relationship
between the quantity of money supply and economic activity
and that if its supply is not regulated it generates inflation
(Sanusi, 2009; Soludo; 2009, CBN, 2010).
There is a consensus that price instability undermines the
role of money as store of value and frustrates investment and
growth. (Nnanna, 2001). The primary and current monetary
framework focuses on the maintainance of price stability,
stable exchange rate and promotion of economic growth.
The problem statement of this research is centered on the
fact that inflation rate in Nigeria has been fluctuating taking
Tele:
E-mail address: pauloabsu2017@gmail.com
© 2018 Elixir All rights reserved
ARTICLE INFO
Article history:
Received: 13 April 2018;
Received in revised form:
20 May 2018;
Accepted: 30 May 2018;
Keywords
Monetary policy,
Transmission,
Mechanism,
Inflation,
Money supply,
Economic growth.
The Responsive of Inflation to Selected Monetary Policy Instrument in
Nigeria-Empirical Analysis
Paul Ndubuisi
Department of Banking and Finance, Abia State University, Uturu. Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
This study examines the responsiveness of inflation to monetary policy in Nigeria. The
specific objective was to determine empirically the extent to which monetary policy had
helped in achieving general price stability in Nigeria within the chosen scope. Data for
the study were obtained from secondary sources. The ordinary least square, Augmented
Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test, Johansen Co-integration test, as well as parsimonious
Error Correction Mechanism method were adopted to analyse the data. The results
revealed that the impact of regulatory instrument on inflation was relatively low
indicating that monetary policy was not a good predictor of inflation rate in Nigeria.
Results also revealed non-stationarity at level form rather stationary after first
differencing; and integrated at order one 1(1). Further revelations indicated that a long-
run relationship existed among the variables and showed the presence of one co-
integrating vector in the model. The study offers some important policy implication: the
government should complement monetary policy with fiscal policy to attain macro-
economic objectives, diversifying the economy and encourage local productivity to
stabilize prices.
© 2018 Elixir All rights reserved.
Elixir Fin. Mgmt. 118 (2018) 50940-50946
Finance Management
Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal)