Research Article
Wind Tunnel Testing and Validation of Helicopter Rotor Blades
Using Additive Manufacturing
Inamul Hasan ,
1,2
R. Mukesh,
3
P. Radha Krishnan ,
1,2
R. Srinath,
2,4
Dhanya Prakash Babu ,
1
and Negash Lemma Gurmu
5
1
Department of Aeronautical Engineering, ACS College of Engineering, Bangalore 560074, Karnataka, India
2
Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi 590018, Karnataka, India
3
Department of Aerospace Engineering, ACS College of Engineering, Bangalore 560074, Karnataka, India
4
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore 560078, Karnataka, India
5
Department of Industrial Engineering, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
Correspondence should be addressed to Negash Lemma Gurmu; negash.lemma@ambou.edu.et
Received 24 June 2022; Revised 2 August 2022; Accepted 20 August 2022; Published 21 September 2022
Academic Editor: K. Raja
Copyright © 2022 Inamul Hasan et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
is research paper aims to validate the aerodynamic performance of rotor blades using additive manufacturing techniques. Wind
tunnel testing is a technique used to find the flow characteristics of the body. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques are
used for aerodynamic analysis, and validation should be done using wind tunnel testing. In the aerodynamic testing of models,
additive manufacturing techniques help in validating the results by making models easily for wind tunnels. Recent developments
in additive manufacturing help in the aerodynamic testing of models in wind tunnels. e CFD analysis of helicopter rotor blades
was analyzed in this research, and validation was done using additive manufacturing techniques. Computational analysis was
carried out for static analysis for the forward speeds of Mach numbers 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5. e results obtained were satisfactory to the
previous results and were validated with wind tunnel testing. Results proved that the error percentage was lower, and the
computational analysis was valid. In this research, models were designed using the FDM technique for wind tunnel testing as it is
cost-effective and easy to manufacture.
1. Introduction
A helicopter is a flying machine with many advantages over
other flying objects, such as landing or take-off at almost any
terrain, flying at a specific position (hovering), and flying
backward and sidewards quickly. Helicopters can be termed
any terrain vehicle as they have many advantages over
aircraft [1, 2]. e helicopter is a type of rotorcraft currently
used for many purposes such as rescue, firefighting, and
agriculture. e helicopter’s design differs with various
parameters for different applications [3]. Helicopters possess
more capability than aircraft as it has the unique ability of
vertical take-off and landing, and no particular runway.
Helicopters have some disadvantages over aircraft in the case
of speed and pilot operation. e helicopter speed is im-
proved since the invention of the helicopter in recent days.
Many factors are suppressing the speed of helicopters [4].
Helicopters can fly forward, backward, or sideways, stay at a
position (hover), and vertically can go up or come down. In
aircraft, lift is produced by the wings, and engines produce
thrust. In helicopters, lift and thrust are produced by a rotor
driven by one or two engines [5, 6].
CFD software is used for analyzing the aerodynamic
performance of moving vehicles to assess the aerodynamic
performance. CFD is widely used in many fields, and im-
proving CFD techniques helps improve results and reduce
errors [7]. Even though CFD software provides good results,
researchers prefer to compare the results obtained from CFD
with wind tunnel testing. CFD results can be validated with
the previous experimental results or wind tunnel tests [8, 9].
e model was made from wood or metals for wind tunnel
tests in the previous days. Models created in wood require a
Hindawi
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
Volume 2022, Article ID 4052208, 13 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4052208