ORIGINAL CLINICAL SCIENCE High circulating CD4 þ CD25 hi FOXP3 þ T-cell sub-population early after lung transplantation is associated with development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome Maxim Durand, PhD, a,b,c,1 Philippe Lacoste, MD, PhD, d,e,1 Richard Danger, PhD, a,b Lola Jacquemont, MD, a,b Carole Brosseau, PhD, a,b Eugénie Durand, a,b Gaelle Tilly, a,b Jennifer Loy, d,e Aurore Foureau, d,e Pierre-Joseph Royer, PhD, d,e Adrien Tissot, MD, a,b,c,d,e Antoine Roux, MD, PhD, f Martine Reynaud-Gaubert, MD, PhD, g Romain Kessler, MD, PhD, h Sacha Mussot, MD, i Claire Dromer, MD, j Olivier Brugière, MD, PhD, k Jean François Mornex, MD, PhD, l Romain Guillemain, MD, m Johanna Claustre, MD, n Nicolas Degauque, PhD, a,b Antoine Magnan, MD, d,e,2 Sophie Brouard, DVM, PhD a,b,o,2 and and the COLT and SysCLAD Consortia 3 From the a Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; b Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France; c Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; d Institut du thorax, Inserm UMR 1087, CNRS UMR 6291, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France; e Institut du thorax, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France; f Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, Université de Versailles, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France; g CHU de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France h CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; i Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Vasculaire et Transplantation Cardiopulmonaire, Le Plessis Robinson, France; j CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; k Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Paris, France; l Université de Lyon, INRA, UMR 754, Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; m Hôpital Européen George Pompidou, Paris, France; n Clinique Universitaire de Pneumologie, Pôle Thorax et Vaisseaux, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, Grenoble, France; and the o Centre d’Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France. http://www.jhltonline.org 1053-2498/r 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.1306 E-mail address: sophie.brouard@univ-nantes.fr Reprint requests: Sophie Brouard, DVM, PhD, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 30, Boulevard Jean-Monnet, 44093 Nantes CEDEX 1, France. Telephone: +33-2-40-08-78-42. 1 These authors contributed equally to this work. 2 These authors contributed equally to this work as Principal Investigators. 3 A complete listing of members of the COLT and SysCLAD Consortia is presented in the Appendix.