Original Research Epidemiology and treatment outcome of MDR and pre-XDR TB in international migrants at two reference centers in the North of Italy: a cross-sectional study coordinated by Stop TB Italia Onlus N. Riccardi a,b,* , A. Pontarelli c , R. Alagna b,d , L. Saderi e , M. Ferrarese b,f , P. Castellotti b,f , P. Viggiani c , D. Cirillo b,d , G. Besozzi b , G. Sotgiu e , L. Codecasa b,f , for StopTB Italia Onlus Group a Clinic of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy b StopTB Italia Onlus, Milan, Italy c E. Morelli Hospital ASST, Reference Center for MDR-TB and HIV-TB, Sondalo, Italy d Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy e Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Dept of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy f Regional TB Reference Centre and Laboratory, Villa Marelli Institute/ASST Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy article info Article history: Received 11 June 2019 Received in revised form 26 September 2019 Accepted 30 October 2019 Keywords: Tuberculosis Migrants Pre-XDR-TB Access to care abstract Objective: We evaluated the epidemiology and treatment outcomes of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) and pre-extensively-resistant (pre-XDR) tuberculosis (TB) in migrants at two TB reference centers in Italy. Study design: Patient selection criteria for the present study were as follows: age 18 years, international migrants (i.e., person who lives in a country other than his/her country of origin), MDR or pre-XDR-TB based on drug-susceptibility test findings, full availability of microbiological, radiological and clinical data. Non-intersecting populations between the two centers were selected. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with a successful (i.e., cured and treatment completed) treatment outcome. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, from 01/Jan/2000 to 01/Jan/ 2015, at the Regional TB Reference Centre of Lombardy Region, Villa Marelli Institute/ASST Niguarda Ca' Granda (Milan, Italy) and at the Reference Center for MDR-TB and HIV-TB, Eugenio Morelli Hospital ASST (Sondalo, Italy). All data were made anonymous. Qualita- tive and quantitative variables were collected in an ad hoc electronic database. The sta- tistical software used for all computations was STATA version 15 (StataCorp, Texas, USA). * Corresponding author. Clinic of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Stamira d’Ancona 20, 20127, Milan, Italy. Tel.: þ393333618694. E-mail address: niccolo.riccardi@yahoo.it (N. Riccardi). Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Public Health journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/puhe public health 180 (2020) 17 e21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2019.10.022 0033-3506/© 2019 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.