Research Article
In Vitro Antibacterial Interaction of Doripenem and
Amikacin against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates
Tonny Loho , Ninik Sukartini, Dalima A. W. Astrawinata, Suzanna Immanuel,
Diana Aulia, and Ika Priatni
Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoTonnyLoho;tonnyloho@yahoo.com
Received 23 February 2018; Revised 21 May 2018; Accepted 29 May 2018; Published 3 July 2018
AcademicEditor:JorgeGarbino
Copyright©2018TonnyLohoetal.isisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properlycited.
Evaluationoftheinvitrointeractionofdoripenemandamikacinagainst Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and
Klebsiella pneumoniae was done by classifying them into four groups: doripenem and amikacin sensitive (DOR-S/AMK-S),
doripenemsensitiveandamikacinresistant(DOR-S/AMK-R),doripenemresistantandamikacinsensitive(DOR-R/AMK-S),and
bothdoripenemandamikacinresistant(DOR-R/AMK-R).eMICofeachantibioticandtheircombinationwasobtainedusing
the Etest method. e fractional inhibitory concentration index was calculated to classify the results as synergistic, additive,
indifferent,orantagonisticinteraction.IntheDOR-S/AMK-Sclass,1isolateof A. baumannii showedsynergyandtheother5
showed additive results, 5 isolates of P. aeruginosa showed additive and 1 isolate showed indifferent result, and 2 isolates of
K. pneumoniae showedadditiveandtheother4showedindifferentresults.IntheDOR-S/AMK-Rclass,3isolatesof A. baumannii
showedadditiveandtheother3showedindifferentresults,2isolatesof P. aeruginosa showedindifferentresults,and1isolateof
K. pneumoniae showedadditiveandtheother5showedindifferentresults.IntheDOR-R/AMK-Sclass,1isolateof A. baumannii
showedadditiveandtheother5showedindifferentresults,1isolateof P. aeruginosa showedadditiveandtheother5showed
indifferent results, and 4 isolates of K. pneumoniae showed additive and the other 2 showed indifferent results. In the DOR-
R/AMK-Rclass,6isolatesof A. baumannii showedindifferentresults,1isolateof P. aeruginosa showedadditiveandtheother5
showedindifferentresults,and1isolateof K. pneumoniae showedadditiveandtheother5showedindifferentresults.Synergy
occurredinonly1(1.5%)isolate.Additiveinteractionoccurredin24(35.3%)isolates,andindifferentinteractionoccurredin43
(63.2%)isolates.DoripenemsensitivecombinedwithamikacinsensitivereducedMICsignificantlyinallbacterialisolateswhen
comparedtosingleMICofeachantibiotic.
1. Background
ewideoveruseormisuseofantibioticshasbeenfollowed
by the emergence of resistant bacteria causing healthcare-
associated and community-acquired infections worldwide
[1].Manyofthepathogensrelatedtotheepidemicinfectious
diseases in humans have evolved into multidrug-resistant
(MDR) bacteria [2]. Some isolates change further and be-
come extended drug-resistant (XDR) or pandrug-resistant
(PDR) pathogens. Antibiotic resistance pattern in Cipto
MangunkusumoHospital(CMH),Jakarta,showedthatthe
most prevalent PDR bacteria last year were Acinetobacter
baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa [3,4].
Empirical treatment with antibiotics combination has
been recommended in severe sepsis and septic shock to
reduce mortality such as meropenem and amikacin, mer-
openem and levofloxacin, and carbapenem (meropenem,
imipenem, and doripenem) and polymyxin [5, 6]. In vitro
studies showed that combining antimicrobial agents could
bemoreeffectiveagainstresistantpathogensthanthesingle
antibiotic. It can be used to evaluate the efficacy of an
Hindawi
Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology
Volume 2018, Article ID 1047670, 6 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1047670