S869 Document heading doi: 襆2012 by the Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease. All rights reserved. Pattern of hospital associated infections in a teaching hospital in Nigeria * Olajubu, Festus Abiose 1 , Osinupebi, Olubunmi Adetokunbo 2 , Lawal Ismail 3 , Obadina Bosede 4 , Deji-Agboola, Anota Mopelola 2 1 Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko 2 Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Obafemi Awolowo College, of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu 3 Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu 4 Infection Control Unit, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease (2012)S869-S873 Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease journal homepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/apjtd *Corresponding author: Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko E-mail: olajubufa@yahoo.com Phone: +234802 393 1914 1. Introduction It has not been possible to create an environment that is absolutely free of microorganisms which have the potential for causing diseases in our health care facilities. This explains why some patients develop infections which were neither present nor incubating in them at their time of being admitted. This type of infection is called Nosocomial or Hospital-associated/ Acquired infection. [1,2] Nosocomial infections include infections acquired in the hospital but appearing after discharge and also occupational infections among staff of the facility. Hospital-associated infection which has a world wide distribution remains a major cause of deaths among hospitalised patients. I t has been estimated that over 1. 4 million people world wide suffer from infectious complications acquired in the hospital. [3,4,5] T he prevalent rate of nosocomial infections in European and Western pacific regions were 7.7% and 9.0% respectively. In 1998, Ogunsola et al [6] reported a monthly prevalence range of 0.11-8.1% among patients in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, while the prevalence rate was 4.2% at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital. [2,6.7] Some organisms can survive for a longer period of time in the hospital environment and can also survive disinfectant solutions thereby becoming potential pathogens for hospital infections. [1] These microorganisms could be bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites. Commonly isolated hospital associated pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Proteus sp, Legionella and Clostridium sp. Hepatitis B,C, D, HIV, Aspergillus sp., Candida albicans and Cryptosporidium ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Received 5 September 2012 Received in revised from 27 October 2012 Accepted 28 November 2012 Available online 28 December 2012 Keywords: Hospital associated infection Teaching hospital Antibiogram Surveillance Klesiella pneumonia Objective: This study aimed at investigating the distribution and antibiogram of possible hospital associated pathogens, providing baseline information for the hospital. Methods: Patients with hospital associated infections in the various wards of OOUTH, Sagamu, between January 2007 and October 2010 were analyzed with respect to their age, sex, ward and duration of admission, site of infection, pathogens isolated and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Results: There were 12,109 discharges during the study period, out of which 217 had hospital associated infections giving an incidence rate of 1.8%. Surgical sites were the most infected (31.3%) while burns were the least infected (4.1%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated pathogen (37.3%) closely followed by Staphylococcus aureus (36.4%). Male surgical specialty and Neonatal wards had the highest hospital associated infections; each recorded 54 cases while the intensive care unit had only 4 cases during the period under study. Most of the isolates were sensitive to Ofloxacin and Ceftriazone while resistance was demonstrated against Azithromycin and Tetracycline by most isolates. Conclussion: The infection rate in this hospital is relatively low, however, regular surveillance remains a good control measure to either maintain the current infection rate or further reduce it. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect