https://doi.org/10.1177/1048371318814910
General Music Today
2019, Vol. 32(2) 24–30
© National Association for
Music Education 2018
DOI:10.1177/1048371318814910
journals.sagepub.com/home/gmt
Article
As fifth graders crowd into Whitney Smyth’s classroom
for music, the unmistakable sounds of Elvis Presley’s
“Jailhouse Rock” entice them to dance and sing along.
When Mrs. Smyth asks if anyone knows who the musician
is, a chorus of student voices call out “Elvis Presley!” The
children know “stuff” about Elvis—his looks and style,
his flamboyant movement, his fanatic fans—many of
whom are now their parents and grandparents. Even these
fifth graders, two generations later, recognize his songs.
Mrs. Smyth brings out the book Elvis: The Story of the
Rock and Roll King (Christensen, 2015) and begins to
share details about Elvis’s life: his upbringing, his strug-
gles, his influences, and his successes. She pauses occa-
sionally to invite the students to respond to her questions.
“What in the book has surprised you so far?” she asks.
Answers show the children have been listening:
I can’t believe Elvis was teased so much when he was a kid.
In our civil rights unit, we learned how people rejected other
races. But I didn’t know they rejected other races’ music.
I always thought he was famous. I didn’t know he was trying
to make different kinds of music.
As Mrs. Smyth closed the book, the children wanted to
listen to more Elvis songs. Mrs. Smyth rewarded them
with “Hound Dog,” along with the promise to teach them
to play it on the ukulele.
The use of picture book biographies can bring about
powerful classroom learning. Music teachers can use many
of the biographies published recently about musicians
and composers to enhance music learning experiences in
music classrooms. This article introduces biography
breaks, provides a rationale, and suggests ways for using
them in elementary music classes. The authors provide
instructions on how to select picture book biographies,
and address ways biography breaks address the National
Arts Standards. The authors also share a number of out-
standing picture book biographies from various genres
and styles of music (e.g., jazz, Western European, world
music, rock, folk, and hip-hop) that may be useful in
music classrooms, and continue the music lesson plan
based on Elvis Presley’s life and music.
Teaching Music With Biographies
Esmé Raji Codell, a well-known children’s book author and
Chicago Public Schools librarian, developed the notion of
biography breaks (Young & Bradley, 2011). Codell is well
known for her book, Educating Esmé: Diary of a Teacher’s
First Year (1999), and her website, Planet Esmé (plane-
tesmé.com). She describes two important aspects to a biog-
raphy break: reading the picture book biography aloud and
asking questions while reading the book (Young & Miner,
2015). Heisey and Kucan (2010) found that students learn
more and understand content more deeply when questions
are asked during the reading rather than afterward. Typically,
814910GMT XX X 10.1177/1048371318814910General Music TodayMay
research-article 2018
1
Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
2
Alpine School District, UT, USA
Corresponding Author:
Brittany Nixon May, Brigham Young University,
C-550 Harris Fine Arts Center, Provo, UT 84602-0002, USA.
Email: brittany_may@byu.edu
Biography Breaks in the Music Classroom
Brittany Nixon May
1
, Amy Baird Miner
2
, and Terrell A. Young
1
Abstract
Children’s picture book biographies on composers and musicians can prompt powerful music learning experiences. Biography
breaks are the reading aloud of a picture book biography and the questions or activities the teacher engages students in
while and after reading the book. In the music classroom, biography breaks can be used with children of all ages to introduce
students to composers, musicians, music elements and concepts, music vocabulary, music genres and styles. Biography
breaks provide a groundwork for discussing the historical, social, and cultural context of music, as well as a catalyst for
engaging students in meaningful music experiences creating, performing, responding to, and connecting with music.
Keywords
elementary general music, creativity, culture, children’s literature, listening, arts integration, interdisciplinary