Evaluation and Multimodality
Treatment of a Depressed
Prepubertal Girl
Theodore A. Petti, M.D., Mitchell Bornstein, Ph.D.,
Alan Delamater, M.S.,
and C. Keith Conners, Ph.D.
Abstract. This paper provides the framework for assessing and treating chronically de-
pressed, multiproblem children. A clinical case study was chosen as the vehicle to illustrate,
in a sequential manner, an approach which utilizes intensive milieu interventions, dynamic.
ally oriented psychotherapy, antidepressant medication, and behavior therapy (social skills
training) to convey the rationale and methodology for a pragmatic, comprehensive, multi·
modal approach to the therapy of chronically depressed children.
Journal <if the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 19: 690-702, 1980.
During the past decade, childhood depression has become recog-
nized as a major clinical entity. Work has begun to identify and
treat children manifesting depression, but instrumentation and
measurement are still at a rudimentary level. Attempts have been
made to screen for depression in children through semistructured
interviews (Weinberg et aI., 1973; Kovacs et aI., 1976; Petti, 1978;
Puig-Antich et aI., 1978).
Various workers have attempted to categorize childhood depres-
sion and to describe its cardinal features. Cytryn and McKnew
(1972) offered a twofold classification, "masked depressions" and
"pure depressions"; though the former was noted to be more prev-
alent, they have since dropped support for this concept (Cytryn et
Dr. Petti is Assistant Professor of Child Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Dr.
Bornstein was a Doctoral·. candidate and Mr. Delamater a research assistant when this work was done.
Dr. Conners is Professor !if Psychiatry and Director ;g Research at George Washington University and
Children's Hospital, National Medical Center, Washington, D.C. Reprints may be requested from Dr.
Petti at Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 381/ O'Hara, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.
We wish to thank Maria Kovacs, Ph.D. for her helpful suggestions and Ms. L. Hertweck, R.N. and
the staff of the Children's Psychiatric Intensive Care Service for their considerable assistance.
0002-7138/80/1904-0690 $01.16 © 1980 American Academy of Child Psychiatry.
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