Advances in Scattered Electron Intensity Distribution Imaging for Microstructural
Visualization and Correlations with EBSD Measurements
Matthew M. Nowell
1
, Stuart I. Wright
1
, Travis Rampton
2
and René de Kloe
3
1.
EDAX Inc., Draper UT USA
2.
EDAX Inc., Mahwah NJ USA
3.
EDAX B.V., Tilburg The Netherlands
Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has evolved into a well-established tool for microstructural
characterization by providing quantitative information on crystallographic orientation and phase content
and distribution. The rapid acceptance of EBSD as an analytical technique has been driven, in part, by
the highly informative contrasts used to create different micrographs which effectively describe the
microstructure of the material, including qualitative contrasts such as EBSD image quality
measurements [1].
Even with advances in high-speed EBSD camera systems, EBSD is often described, correctly or not, as
a slower analytical imaging technique, particularly for more difficult samples such as highly deformed
or multi-phase geological materials. In certain situations a quick visualization of the microstructure is
sufficient. One approach in this scenario is to use a Forward Scatter Detector (FSD) imaging system to
provide qualitative orientation, atomic number, and topographic contrast information [2]. With FSD
imaging, one or more solid-state diodes are positioned as electron detectors around the perimeter of an
EBSD phosphor screen. These detectors are used to image changes in detected electron intensity.
However each diode signal requires amplification and analog to digital conversion circuitry effectively
limiting the number of active signals that can be processed and imaged simultaneously.
An alternative technique has been developed termed PRIAS, or Pattern Region of Interest Analysis
System, which utilizes defined regions of interest (ROIs) on the EBSD detector phosphor screen as
positional electron detectors to replicate traditional FSD imaging and provide new additional imaging
contrasts through multiple and variable ROI positioning. In one approach, a high-speed EBSD camera is
binned to obtain fast frames rates at resolutions not useful for traditional EBSD pattern indexing but
which contain useful information for microstructural imaging. Another approach pre-defines ROIs to be
sampled during EBSD mapping at normal binning levels to supplement EBSD data with new imaging
information. A third approach analyzes ROIs positioned on stored EBSD patterns acquired during
mapping. With this approach, patterns can be processed and analyzed multiple ways to extract
maximum information content contained within the detected electron intensity distribution. With these
last two approaches, direct correlation with traditional EBSD orientation and phase information is
possible.
With all these approaches, an array of images are available showing the contrast in detected electrons
hitting the various ROIs defined on the phosphor screen. In the current implementation as many as 25
positional detectors are available. These images can also be processed together through weighted
arithmetic operations and through computational comparison routines to identify regions of similar and
different scattered intensities. A set of PRIAS images collected from an Inconel 600 sample are shown
in Figure 1. Figure 1a was generated using 3 selected ROIs to image grain orientation contrast with
grain boundary precipitate topography. Figure 1b was generated using an RGB coloring scheme with 7
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doi:10.1017/S143192761400600X
Microsc. Microanal. 20 (Suppl 3), 2014
© Microscopy Society of America 2014
https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S143192761400600X
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