3108 Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, October-December 2021, Vol. 15, No. 4 Self-esteem of Children Living with their Parents for Secondary Schools in AL-Rusafa: Comparative Study to the Children Living in Orphanage Rehab K. Habsi 1 , Zaid W. Ajil 2 1 M.Sc., Student, Department of Nursing, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq, 2 Lecturer, Dr., Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Baghdad, Iraq Abstract Objectives: to fnd out differences in the level of self-esteem between orphanage children and children who live with their Parents. Methods: A descriptive studies that use comparative design. The method of A Purposive sampling is used which is located in Rusafa, Baghdad. The sample size was 200 students (male and female) from all secondary schools in Baghdad al-Rusafa who lived with their parents, and another 200 adolescent who lived in an orphanage. The data was collected during January 11th to March 2nd, 2021. Short form of (coopersmith,1967) scales for assessing self- esteem level. Results : The result of the study shows that highly signifcant differences are accounted between studied groups at P<0.01 regarding of studied “Negative’s Items Domain”, and “ Overall Evaluation”, while no signifcant different was accounted with reference to “Positive’s Items Domain”. Through the results of the signifcant comparisons, it becomes clear that the trends of the negative items of the scale are the distinguishing evidence between the two studied groups at the time when the outcomes of the positive trend items didn’t formed the presence of signifcant differences between the two groups. Keywords: Self-esteem, Children, Orphanage, Secondary School Introduction Self-esteem is a term related to the concepts of self-image and self-consciousness. There are many attempts used to describe self-esteem, the best of them admitted that it represents the manner in which each individual evaluates himself related to the group 2,7 . William James was the frst who puts the term self-esteem in 1890, making it one of psychology’s oldest concepts. The development of the phase of self-esteem is critical especially during the age of adolescence. The development of self-esteem may it encourages by both teachers and parents. Self-esteem level is expressed in the attitude of adolescent and behaviour at home as well as at school 7 . Adolescence is a critical period for developing self-esteem and self-identity. When self-esteem is low may threaten adolescent emotional control 5 . Adolescence is a time of transition, both physical and Psychological, and often a time when they develop a sense of their own identity in which interactions between families and peers play a crucial role. Some adolescents do not receive the individual affection and love that others of their age receive from both parents. Some are left to fend on their own, while others are packed off to live in institutions or with relatives. While an alternative choice is given for the child to be in a foster family or an orphanage home 9 . Material and Methods Descriptive study was use comparative design.