The Effect of Treated Municipal Wastewater and Fresh Water on Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of a Clay-Loamy Soil G. Bourazanis 1 & A. Katsileros 2 & C. Kosmas 3 & P. Kerkides 4 Received: 9 March 2015 /Accepted: 28 March 2016 / Published online: 1 April 2016 # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016 Abstract The effect of irrigating with treated municipal wastewater (TMW) and fresh water (FW) on saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) was investigated. Ks was determined in undisturbed soil samples, collected from the upper soil layer (0–15 cm) of an illitic clay- loamy soil, after two irrigation periods. Soil samples were analyzed for a number of factors potentially affecting Ks. Analysis of variance for each of these factors was performed between the two treatments in order to detect their differences. Statistically significant differences were found for pH, ECe, SAR, ESP and the concentrations of K + , Na + , Mg 2+ which are elements related with TMW and FW quality-characteristics. Correlation between all factors and Ks showed that this was positive for soil ECe, CaCO 3 and negative for SAR, ESP, and bulk Water Resour Manage (2016) 30:2867–2880 DOI 10.1007/s11269-016-1307-9 * G. Bourazanis gbourazanis@windtools.gr A. Katsileros katsileros@aua.gr C. Kosmas lsos2kok@aua.gr P. Kerkides kerkides@aua.gr 1 Department of Rural Economy and Veterinary of Regional Government of Laconia, Sparta, Laconia 23100, Greece 2 Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Biometry, Faculty of Crop Science Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece 3 Laboratory of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Department of Natural Resources Development and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece 4 Laboratory of Agricultural Hydraulics, Division of Water Resources Management, Department of Natural Resources Development and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece