Education in Medicine Journal (ISSN 2180-1932) © www.eduimed.com | e15
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Dr Christopher J. Smith, Department of Internal Medicine, University of
Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA. Email: csmithj@unmc.edu
Introduction
Handoffs are exchanges of information that
occur when responsibility for patient care is
transferred between health professionals (1).
This includes a broad range of care transitions,
including those within a service line (e.g. at shift
change), between units (2) (e.g. from the
emergency department to inpatient setting), and
between care settings (e.g. discharge from the
hospital to ambulatory setting (3)). The Joint
Commission reports that communication failures
and poor coordination across the care continuum
are leading causes of sentinel events (4).
Additionally, handoff failures are associated with
adverse patient outcomes and inefficient care
© Medical Education Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The medical community has placed increasing emphasis on
ensuring quality patient care handoffs, yet there is relatively little research
regarding educational interventions for medical students. Objective: To
assess the impact of a handoff communication workshop on senior medical
students' attitudes, knowledge, and skills. Method: A 3-hour handoff skills
workshop was developed using published research and educational models.
The session included didactic lectures, role-play activities, and group
discussion. We assessed the workshop’s impact using attitudinal, fact -based
multiple choice, and case-based questions preceding, immediately
following, and several months after the intervention. Result: From 2013-
2014, 59 students participated in the handoff training, with 56 (95%)
completing the pre- and post-tests. Participants’ self-reported attitudes
improved following the intervention (p≤.005 in 12 of 13 questions). The
mean number of correct answers on multiple choice questions increased
from 6.75 (CI 6.44-7.05) to 8.47 (CI 8.28-8.67) out of 9 (p<.001). Vignette
scores improved from 6.00 to 8.14 out of 10 (p<0.001). Thirty-six
participants (61%) completed the pre-, post-, and follow-up vignettes. Post-
workshop vignette scores improved significantly (6.28 vs. 8.19, p<.001), but
decreased in follow-up testing (8.19 vs. 6.97, p=.008). Conclusion: The
handoff workshop improved participants’ attitudes, knowledge, and skills,
but performance gains declined in the months following training. These
findings suggest that handoff training should coincide with the opportunity
to apply these skills in a clinical context.
Handoff Training for Medical Students: Attitudes, Knowledge, and Sustainability of
Skills
Christopher J Smith
1
; Grant Peterson
2
; Gary L Beck
3
1
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE,
USA.
2
Internal Medicine, Unity Point Clinic, Ankeny Prairie Trail, Ankeny, IA, USA.
3
Office of Medical
Education, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Volume 7 Issue 2 2015
DOI: 10.5959/eimj.v7i2.360
www.eduimed.com
ARTICLE INFO
Received : 06/03/2015
Accepted : 13/04/2015
Published : 10/06/2015
KEYWORD
Handoff
Handover
Care transition
Discharge summary
Medical student