SLICED BREAD PRESERVATION THROUGH OREGANO
ESSENTIAL OIL-CONTAINING SACHET
AMANDA TAFURI PANIAGO PASSARINHO
1
, NATÁLIA FIALHO DIAS
2
, GEANY PERUCH CAMILLOTO
3,6
,
RENATO SOUZA CRUZ
3
, CAIO GOMIDE OTONI
4,5
, ALLAN ROBLEDO FIALHO MORAES
2
and
NILDA DE FÁTIMA FERREIRA SOARES
2
1
Federal University of Ouro Preto, Outro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
2
Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
3
Technology Department, State University of Feira de Santana, Av. Transnordestina, s/n Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, Bahia 44036-900, Brazil
4
PPG-CEM/DEMa/UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
5
National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness/Embrapa Instrumentation, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
6
Corresponding author. TEL:
+55-7531618055; FAX: +55-7531618056;
EMAIL: geanyperuch@yahoo.com.br
Received for Publication June 14, 2013
Accepted for Publication November 21, 2013
doi:10.1111/jfpe.12059
ABSTRACT
Traditional packaging concepts are reaching their limits in enhancing food safety,
quality and shelf life. Active, antimicrobial sachets containing different concentra-
tions of oregano essential oil (OEO) were developed, and their antimicrobial effi-
ciency was evaluated on agar medium – against Escherichia coli, Salmonella
Enteritidis and Penicillium sp. – and on sliced bread – against yeasts and molds.
Residual OEO on treated bread was quantified by gas chromatography–mass spec-
trometry. Bread slices were also evaluated as to texture and sensory properties.
Sachets containing OEO showed in vitro antimicrobial effect against the tested
microorganisms, as well as reduced the growth rates of yeasts and molds on sliced
bread. Compared with untreated samples, γ-terpinene and ρ-cymene contents on
treated bread increased throughout storage, whereas their acceptance was reduced.
Our findings indicate the potential application of antimicrobial sachets as an anti-
microbial packaging system for sliced bread preservation.
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
Sliced bread is an important bakery product that is widely consumed as snack or
meal. The shelf life of bakery products stored within natural atmosphere at room
temperature is limited. Sachets added with oregano essential oil can be used to
extend the shelf life and improve the sensory characteristics of foods, as well as in
the development of new products. Directly from processing lines, one may obtain
products with different flavors and extended shelf life provided by sachets
included in the packaging stage. This is useful for food industries to avoid product
recalls and to develop novel products, as there is an increasing understanding that
innovations are essential for competitiveness.
INTRODUCTION
Bread in its various forms is one of the most important
dietary staples all over the world. There are numerous types
of bread, including national and regional variations as well
as a great variety of special bread such as malt loaves, soda,
milk and fruited bread, so a definition is necessary (Legan
1993). Among bakery products, sliced bread is a popular
item consumed as a snack or a meal worldwide. The high
acceptance of sliced bread relies upon its smoothness and
compatibility with creamy spreads, such as cheese, mayon-
naise and butter, to name a few.
The shelf life of preservative-free bakery products stored
in conventional conditions (within natural atmosphere at
room temperature) is as short as 3–4 days (Gutiérrez et al.
2009). Freshness loss may be attributed to several factors,
with microbial spoilage resulting from increased water
activity and oxygen content being the most common one.
Molds are known to spoil bread, leading to huge economic
losses and reduced safety. Fungal spoilage of wheat bread is
Journal of Food Process Engineering ISSN 1745-4530
53 Journal of Food Process Engineering 37 (2014) 53–62 © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.