PREVALENCE OF FEMALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
IN GYNECOLOGIC AND UROGYNECOLOGIC
PATIENTS ACCORDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL
CONSENSUS CLASSIFICATION
I. M. GEISS, W. H. UMEK, A. DUNGL, C. SAM, P. RISS, AND E. HANZAL
ABSTRACT
Objectives. To evaluate the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in an outpatient gynecologic and
urogynecologic clinic using the current International Consensus Classification.
Methods. One hundred fifty-nine patients were asked to answer an anonymous survey about FSD. Patients
in the gynecologic (group 1) and urogynecologic (group 2) clinics were compared.
Results. The mean age in group 1 was 37.8 years (range 20 to 76) and in group 2 was 55.7 years (range
18 to 82). The prevalence of FSD was 50% in group 1 and 48% in group 2; 86% of group 1 and 66% of group
2 patients had been sexually active within the past 2 years. The differences found in FSD according to the
consensus panel classification achieved no significance. Of the 159 patients, 96% were not embarrassed by
filling out this questionnaire about their sexual function.
Conclusions. No statistically significant difference in FSD was found between the younger and older
patients seeking help in a gynecologic or urogynecologic outpatient clinic. Because of the high incidence of
FSD, we recommend integrating the inquiry about female sexual health concerns into routine gynecologic
care. The simple survey based on the International Consensus Conference Classification of FSD gives reliable
results, and this systematic framework facilitates methodologic examination. UROLOGY 62: 514–518,
2003. © 2003 Elsevier Inc.
F
emale sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a highly
prevalent problem for 38% to 63% of wom-
en.
1–4
This problem is determined by multicausal
and multidimensional factors, because emotional,
physical, biologic, psychological, and interper-
sonal domains interfere with the sexual function of
women.
5
Since the definition of male erectile dysfunction
by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) “Consen-
sus Development Panel of Impotence,” male sexual
dysfunction has become a growing topic in medical
research and in the media.
6–9
In contrast to the
widespread interest in research and treatment of
male sexual dysfunction, less attention has been
paid to the sexual problems of women. In 1998 the
“International Consensus Conference of Female
Sexual Dysfunction (FSD),” convened by the
American Foundation for Urologic Diseases, held
their initial meeting in Amsterdam to develop an
international model of definitions and classifica-
tions of FSD.
10
The four major categories of dys-
function, desire, arousal, orgasmic, and sexual
pain disorders, were considered necessary to main-
tain continuity in research and clinical practice. A
new category of sexual pain disorder, including
noncoital sexual pain, has been added. In addition,
the American Foundation for Urologic Diseases
classification system includes personal distress in
each category.
Since 1998, the interest in this subject has been
increasing, but problems still exist comparing the
data, because of methodologic differences and a
lack of using the standardized definition. Never-
theless, this new classification gives a basic input
for research and therapy about FSD. Epidemiologic
and pathophysiologic research studies can be done
From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LKH Mo ¨-
dling, Mo ¨dling; and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics,
University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Reprint requests: Ingrid Maria Geiss, M.D., Department of Ob-
stetrics and Gynecology, LKH Mo ¨ dling, Sr. M. Restitutagasse 12,
Mo ¨ dling A-2340, Austria
Submitted: November 13, 2002, accepted (with revisions):
April 21, 2003
ADULT UROLOGY
© 2003 ELSEVIER INC. 0090-4295/03/$30.00
514 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED doi:10.1016/S0090-4295(03)00487-4