https://nanobioletters.com/ 1 of 13 Review Volume 12, Issue 1, 2023, 3 https://doi.org/10.33263/LIANBS121.003 Targeted Macrophages Delivery of Antitubercular Agent Through Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Swatantra Kushwaha 1,* , Neelottama Kushwaha 1 , Samiya Mirza 1 1 Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur-209305, India; swatantrakushwaha15@gmail.com (S.K.); neelottama@gmail.com (N.K.); samiyamirza099@gmail.com (S.M.); * Correspondence: swatantrakushwaha15@gmail.com (S.K.); Scopus Author ID 37014547800 Received: 17.09.2021; Accepted: 11.11.2021; Published: 8.01.2022 Abstract: The objective of this paper is to summarize the current aspects related to nanoparticle targeted delivery via; lipid nanoparticulate drug carrier systeM. tuberculosis ranks II nd most fatal disease after AIDS, and thus WHO declared it as “A Global Health Emergency”. Mycobacterium species source of tuberculosis infection; infects the lungs primarily and some other part of the body after infection is thoroughly spread. Antitubercular agents are classified according to their therapeutic action and safety. In this, an overview is provided on WHO-recommended treatment regimens. The study summarizes antitubercular delivery to the targeted site, i.e., macrophages via; nanoparticulate drug delivery system. Thus, the study was conducted to provide concise knowledge about nanoparticulate, solid lipid nanoparticles: introduction, advantages, components, types, preparation methods, models, parameters, characteristics, mechanism of drug release, and applications in the antitubercular delivery field. It also provides an overview of the information about macrophages, their biological role, their mechanism of action, and a few studies conducted. Macrophages act as a host body for some intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium species; thus, they act as an active targeted site for target-specific action. The antitubercular delivery to macrophages can reduce dosage frequency, increase solubility/permeability, bioavailability, enhance therapeutic effects, decrease toxicity, and increase patient compliance. Keywords: tuberculosis; antitubercular; macrophages; solid lipid nanoparticles; simulated fluid. © 2022 by the authors. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 1. Introduction According to World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1/3rd of the total world’s population has been infected by M. tuberculosis (Mtb), infecting more than 9 million new cases and 2 million deaths occurs due to Mtb annually, and the remaining population is asymptomatic [1]. Tuberculosis, also called TB, is known as 2nd most fatal infectious disease after AIDS, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In 1993, WHO declared tuberculosis “a global health emergency”. Mycobacterium firstly infects the lungs and also infects other organs and body parts like the nervous system (meningitis), lymphatic system, kidney central, circulatory system (miliary tuberculosis), genitourinary system, joints, and bone, etc. [2]. Extended treatment regimens, higher dosage/dosing frequency, lesser patient compliance, and strong administration schedules are a few factors that lead to the emergence of MDR and XDR tuberculosis. Recently, except BCG vaccine, there is no other potential immune protective vaccine, i.e., ineffective against adult pulmonary TB, the most active and widespread form of TB.