Sys Rev Pharm 2020;11(11):1683-1691 A multifaceted review journal in the field of pharmacy 1683 Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy Vol 11, Issue 11, Nov-Dec 2020 In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous, Ethanolic and Methanolic Leaves Extracts from Salvia argentea Yasmina Benabdesslem* 1,2 , Kadda Hachem* 1,2 , Khaled Kahloula 1,2 , Amel Belakredar 2 , Miloud Slimani 1,2 1 Laboratory of Biotoxicology, Pharmacognosy and Biological Valorization of Plant(LBPVBP), Biology Department, University of Saida - Dr. Moulay Tahar, P.O. Box 138 City Ennasr 20000, Saida, Algeria 2 Biology Department, University of Saida - Dr. Moulay Tahar, P.O. Box 138 City Ennasr 20000, Saida, Algeria *Corresponding Authors: Yasmina Benabdesslem Email: benabdesslem.yasmina@univ-saida.dz Kadda Hachem Email: hachem.kadda@univ-saida.dz ABSTRACT In view of the global rise of antimicrobial resistance, the discovery of new antimicrobial agents of plant origin has become essential. In this study, the therapeutic capacity of different extracts of Salvia argentea was evaluated in vitro by testing the antimicrobial activity on 16 bacterial strains and 4 yeast strains. Aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts of Salvia argentea were obtained, and their antimicrobial effects were evaluated using the method of diffusion in agar medium and microdilutions. Aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts were effective on a majority organism tested with inhibition zones of up to 23 ± 2.6 mm observed in bacteria, and 24 ± 1.5 mm in yeast. Significant MIC results were noted between 3.90 and 7.81 mg/mL for bacterial strains (Klebsiella pneumonia, Pasteurella multocida, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter freundii), and a MIC value of 3.90 mg/mL for the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The CMB/MIC ratio values recorded for the majority of bacterial strains attribute to Salvia argentea extracts a bactericidal action against multi-resistant bacterial strains. In addition, the CMF/MIC ratio values expressed for the different extracts with respect to yeast clearly show a fungicidal action on the three strains of Candida albicans whereas for Saccharomyces cerevisiae the extracts have a fungistatic action. The antimicrobial activities of Salvia argentea extracts was observed on all the strains tested. Keywords: Silver Sage, antibacterial, antifungal Correspondence: Yasmina Benabdesslem Email :Benabdesslem.yasmina@univ-saida.dz Kadda Hachem Email: hachem.kadda@univ-saida.dz INTRODUCTION Infections caused by resistant bacteria often lead to a prolongation of the disease state, and increased mortality due to a loss of efficacy of antibiotic therapy leading to a therapeutic impasse 1 . In view of the spread of resistance and the limited number of antibiotics under development, the discovery of new antimicrobial agents has become essential 2 . There are many avenues of research, but the exploration of natural resources appears to be the most promising, as they constitute, due to their biodiversity, the largest reserve of active substances 1 . In recent years, a growing number of physicians and pharmacologists have been interested in the therapeutic value and safety of plants 3 . Clinical agents are being sought to cure a wide variety of diseases caused by tumors, viruses, and central nervous system dysfunction 4 . The genus Salvia, of the Labiatae or Lamiaceae family, belongs to the wide range of spontaneous medicinal and aromatic plants that characterize the Algerian flora. The genus alone has more than 900 species 5,6 ; twenty-three species have been described in Algeria 7 . Studies on the bioactive secondary substances of different species of the genus Salvia have revealed their biological properties, which find their application in various fields including, medicine, pharmaceutics, cosmetology, and agriculture 8,9,10 . However, knowledge about the species Salvia argentea, as a plant with medicinal properties, is limited. Following our previous evaluation of this plant 11 , in this study, we sought to determine the antibacterial and antifungal properties of three different extracts of Salvia argentea against 16 bacterial strains and 4 yeast strains. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plant material The Salvia argentea leaves used in this study were harvested in the wilaya of Saida, precisely in the region of Hammam Rabi (34°56'22.83 "N, 0°12'29.67 "E). The harvest was carried out at the full flowering stage. Plant identification was carried out by a botanist from the Biology Department of the University of Saida (Professor O. Hasnaoui). A specimen of Salvia argentea was deposited in the herbarium of the Biology Department of the University. The leaves were washed and subsequently dried in the shade in a dry and ventilated location for one month prior to being ground to a fine powder. Extraction process To obtain the alcoholic extracts, ground plant material (10 g) was placed in a beaker containing 100 mL of 60° ethanol solvent and 60° methanol separately. The extraction was carried out under magnetic stirring at a temperature of 50°C for 2 h. The macerate obtained was subjected to a further extraction by adding the same volume of solvent (100 mL) during the same period (2h). After filtration on Wattman paper number 01, the filtrate was concentrated to dryness using a Heidolph rotary evaporator 12 . Two dry organic extracts were obtained: the ethanolic extract (E. E. S) and the methanolic extract (M. E. S). The extract yields were calculated and dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in glass tubes and stored in the dark until further use. To obtain the aqueous extract, 25g of vegetable powder was placed in a 1 L flask containing 500mL distilled water and heated for 20 min at 100°C reflux. After cooling, the extracts were filtered on Wattman paper number 01 as previously described 13 . The yields of the aqueous extract (A. E. S) obtained were calculated. The extracts were recovered in glass tubes and stored in the dark until further use. Microbial strains In vitro antimicrobial activities of different Salvia argentea leaf extracts were evaluated on 16 bacterial strains: Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 49452, Staphylococcus aureus