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Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(1): 282-284
E-ISSN: 2320-7078
P-ISSN: 2349-6800
JEZS 2017; 5(1): 282-284
© 2017 JEZS
Received: 12-11-2016
Accepted: 13-12-2016
Imtiaz Khan
Departmet of Plant Protection
The University of Agriculture
Peshawar-Pakistan
Shah Alam Khan
Departmet of Plant Protection
The University of Agriculture
Peshawar-Pakistan
Saddam Hussain
Departmet of Plant Protection
The University of Agriculture
Peshawar-Pakistan
Fazal Maula
Agriculture Research Institute
Mingora Swat-Pakistan
Hayat Ali Shah
Departmet of Plant Protection
The University of Agriculture
Peshawar-Pakistan
Toheed Iqbal
Department of Entomology
The University of Agriculture
Peshawar-Pakistan
Anees Khan
Department of Plant Protection
The University of Agriculture
Peshawar-Pakistan
Correspondence
Imtiaz Khan
Department of Plant Protection
The University of Agriculture
Peshawar-Pakistan
To study the infestation level and effective
chemical control of pomegranate fruit borer
( Virachola isocrates )
Imtiaz Khan, Shah Alam Khan, Saddam Hussain, Fazal Maula, Hayat Ali
Shah, Toheed Iqbal and Anees Khan
Abstract
Keeping in view the importance of pomegranate fruit borer (Virachola isocrates) different insecticides,
Cypermethrin, Bifenthrin, Lambda-Cyhalothrin and Methomyl were tested against pomegranate fruit
borer at Agriculture Research Institute Mingora Swat during summer 2015. The experiment was laid out
in Randomized Complete Block Design, with three replications. Each replication was assigned with 5
treatments (Cypermethrin, lambda cyhalothrin, Methomyl, Bifenthrin and Control). Results showed that
all the chemical application proved significantly better from control plot. Most effective was Lambda-
Cyhalothrin which reduced the infestation level from 6.98 to 1.68 followed by methomyl (1.73),
bifenthrin (2.05) and cypermethrin (2.58). Highest average infestation (8.14) was recorded in control
plots.
Keywords: Chemical, infestation, borer and pomegranate
1. Introduction
The pomegranate, (Punica granatum), belongs to family Lythraceae. An attractive shrub or
small tree, with average height of 20-30 feet, the pomegranate is much-branched, more or less
spiny and extremely long-lived. The leaves are evergreen or deciduous, showy flowers are
singly or 5 in cluster form
[16]
.
The fruit has leathery skin or rind, basically yellow more or less overlaid with light or deep
pink or rich red. The interior is separated by membranous walls and white spongy tissue into
compartments packed with transparent sacs filled with tart, flavorful, fleshy, juicy, red, pink or
whitish pulp. In each sac, there is one white or red, angular, soft or hard seed. The seeds
represent about 52% of the weight of the whole fruit
[16]
.
Pomegranate produce best on deep, heavy loams, but are adapted to many soil types from pure
sand to heavy clay. Growth on alkaline soil is poor. Optimum growth is associated with deep
fairy heavy, moist soil of pH (5.5-7.0)
[18]
.
It is widely cultivated throughout the Middle East and Caucasus region, North
Africa and Tropical Africa, the India subcontinent, Central Asia, and the drier parts
of Southeast Asia. In recent years, it has become more common in the commercial markets of
Europe and the Western Hemisphere
[16]
.
The pomegranate fruit could be considered a functional food because it has valuable
compounds in different parts of the fruit that display functional and medicinal effects. These
can act as antioxidant
[5]
, as anti-tumoral
[13]
or anti-hepatotoxic
[6]
agents, and improve
cardiovascular health
[7]
.
They have been seen to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic
properties
[10, 15, 12, 22]
and they can improve oral
[8]
and skin
[3]
health. They help prevent
Alzheimer's disease
[20]
and improve sperm quality
[21]
and erectile dysfunction in male patients
[11]
.
According to the broodier published by Pakistan Agriculture Research, 2015 about the
importance of pomegranate among the Muslim countries, Afghanistan, Iran, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Turkey, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States are noted producers and exporters of fresh
pomegranates. Other major producers are India, China and USA. In Pakistan, Balochistan is
the main producer of pomegranates, although Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab are also
producing pomegranates in isolated areas on a small scale.