energies Article Analysis of Induced Voltage on Pipeline Located Close to Parallel Distribution System Hyoun-Su Kim 1,2 , Hae-Yeol Min 3 , J. Geoffrey Chase 4 and Chul-Hwan Kim 5, *   Citation: Kim, H.-S.; Min, H.-Y.; Chase, J.G.; Kim, C.-H. Analysis of Induced Voltage on Pipeline Located Close to Parallel Distribution System. Energies 2021, 14, 8536. https:// doi.org/10.3390/en14248536 Academic Editors: Gian Giuseppe Soma and Tomislav Capuder Received: 22 October 2021 Accepted: 3 December 2021 Published: 17 December 2021 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). 1 Samsung Electronics Device Solutions, Pyeongtaek 17786, Korea; skku0963@naver.com 2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea 3 Smart Grid Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Gwangju 61751, Korea; haeyeolmin@gmail.com 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand; geoff.chase@canterbury.ac.nz 5 Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea * Correspondence: chkim@skku.edu Abstract: Gas and oil pipelines are widely used to supply customers. They are often laid in parallel with high voltage power lines, sharing right of way. When the pipeline is located near overhead high-voltage power, corrosion caused by induced voltages from AC power lines can occur in utility pipelines. Therefore, the calculation of induced voltage is always required for both interference and maintenance workers as well as pipeline facility safety. For parallel distribution lines, the calculation method for the induced voltage is not suitable due to the excessive error caused by using the screening factors of the neutral current. For a more practical analysis of the induced voltage, a new analysis is needed using the actual neutral current and which also considers the overhead ground conductor and the neutral conductor. This paper analyzed the induced voltage from a parallel distribution system using Carson’s formula and vector analysis. Simulation analysis results are verified by separate Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) simulation. Keywords: distribution system; EMTP; induced voltage; pipeline; vector analysis 1. Introduction There are important issues to consider by both electrical utilities and pipeline operators when an underground pipeline is located proximal to the ground level in overhead high- voltage power lines [1–6], namely safety and corrosion. Due to the corrosion of gas and oil pipelines caused by induced voltages from AC power lines [2–5], a pipeline AC mitigation system is needed to avoid costly repairs and maintenance. The primary focus of mitigation is to reduce the induced voltages at normal and fault conditions according to the NACE standard [6] for the safety of maintenance operators and damage in pipeline facilities. This corrosion can also lead to an equipment malfunction [7,8]. The interferences through which the AC power lines generate induced voltage and current on nearby pipes are inductive coupling and conductive coupling. The inductive coupling is related to the electromotive force (EMF) induced in the pipe–earth circuit, while the conductive coupling is caused by the injection of current into the soil by a transmission line during phase-to-ground fault conditions or subjected to currents [9]. The interference issue of induced voltage on pipelines parallel to power lines has been treated a lot in the literature [10–12]. Recent literature related to this issue was published by A. Popoli [13], who analyzed interference caused by the vicinity of a metallic pipeline buried in the soil to a transmission line using parameters calculated with the finite difference method (FEM). G. Lucca [9] analyzed the induced voltage and current from a transmission line in fault condition on a nearby buried pipeline with the EMF. However, these works focus on the interference of transmission lines and pipelines. Energies 2021, 14, 8536. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248536 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/energies