EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems Research Article 1 Ubiquitous Healthcare System: Architecture, Prototype Design and Experimental Evaluations Osama Rehman 1,* , Asiya M. Al-Busaidi 2 , Sohaib Ahmed 1 , Kamran Ahsan 3 1 Department of Software Engineering, Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan 2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman 3 Department of Computer Science, Federal Urdu University of Arts Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan Abstract Seamless and timely monitoring of patients remains an open challenge in current healthcare systems. The need especially arises for patients with chronic diseases and those susceptible to sudden change in their health, such as cardiac patients and elderly people. Hence, there is a need for designing an automated health monitoring system that could seamlessly and efficiently collect patient information. This can largely improve the decisions made by medical professionals, especially in emergency and time-critical cases. This work proposes the design of a ubiquitous healthcare systems, termed as Remote Health Monitoring System (RHMS) that offers flexible and cost-effective solution. RHMS is designed to be wearable, light-weight and comprise various small non-invasive medical sensors. Results show that RHMS has the potential to provide physicians continuous monitor of patients through a centralized observation system without patients being physically present at any medical facility. Keywords: Arduino, Medical Sensors, Remote Health Monitoring, ZigBee. Received on 22 August 2021, accepted on 23 December 2021, published on 05 January 2022 Copyright © 2022 Osama Rehman et al., licensed to EAI. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license, which permits unlimited use, distribution and reproduction in any medium so long as the original work is properly cited. doi: 10.4108/eai.5-1-2022.172779 * Corresponding author. Email: osamahussain.bukc@bahria.edu.pk 1. Introduction Providing quality healthcare services for the expanding human population is turning into a genuine problem because of the limited medical centres and resources [1-3]. Misdiagnosis or late diagnosis of patient’s condition can cause complications on serious chronic diseases, such as in Myocardial Infarction (MI) condition commonly known as heart attack. Hence, early and correct diagnosis of such diseases is important to potentially save lives of individuals, significantly improve their quality of life and reduce financial burden on individuals and governments. As a result, there is a strong need to timely and continuously monitor the patient’s health condition by observing several health related parameters, including body temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure, heart electrical signal electrocardiogram (ECG) and body positioning [4, 5]. Ubiquitous healthcare systems is a promising approach that has the capability to collect health related information seamlessly by sensors attached to patient’s body [6, 7]. Such systems can assist in monitoring the patient’s condition in real-time, anytime and anywhere [8, 9]. As a result, the initial signs and symptoms can be detected earlier that can lead towards predicting patients’ future conditions, both physically and physiologically. This in-turn can help in reducing health care costs while simultaneously improving patient care outcomes. This can be obtained through the usage of one or more wearable sensors attached to the patient’s body [10]. Indeed, critical decisions made by the medical staff can largely depend on the gathered information originating from such wearable sensors. Several ubiquitous healthcare systems have been proposed previously but with week focus EAI Endorsed Transactions on Scalable Information Systems 04 2022 - 08 2022 | Volume 9 | Issue 4 | e6