American Exceptionalism: Determinants of spreading COVID-19 misinformation online in five countries Mark Pickup Dominik A. Stecula Clifton van der Linden Simon Fraser University Colorado State University McMaster University mark_pickup@sfu.ca dominik.stecula@colostate.edu cliff.vanderlinden@mcmaster.ca This is a pre-print. This manuscript has not been peer-reviewed. Version 1.0