Research Article
Two-Way Feature Extraction Using Sequential and Multimodal
Approach for Hateful Meme Classification
Apeksha Aggarwal,
1
Vibhav Sharma,
1
Anshul Trivedi,
1
Mayank Yadav,
1
Chirag Agrawal,
1
Dilbag Singh,
1
Vipul Mishra,
1
andHass` ene Gritli
2,3
1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bennett University, Greater Noida 201310, India
2
Higher Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
3
RISC Lab (LR16ES07), National Engineering School of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
Correspondence should be addressed to Hass` ene Gritli; grhass@yahoo.fr
Received 13 February 2021; Revised 6 April 2021; Accepted 8 April 2021; Published 19 April 2021
Academic Editor: M. Irfan Uddin
Copyright © 2021 Apeksha Aggarwal et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Millions of memes are created and shared every day on social media platforms. Memes are a great tool to spread humour.
However, some people use it to target an individual or a group generating offensive content in a polite and sarcastic way. Lack of
moderation of such memes spreads hatred and can lead to depression like psychological conditions. Many successful studies
related to analysis of language such as sentiment analysis and analysis of images such as image classification have been performed.
However, most of these studies rely only upon either one of these components. As classifying meme is one problem which cannot
be solved by relying upon only any one of these aspects, the present work identifies, addresses, and ensembles both the aspects for
analyzing such data. In this research, we propose a solution to the problems in which the classification depends on more than one
model. is paper proposes two different approaches to solve the problem of identifying hate memes. e first approach uses
sentiment analysis based on image captioning and text written on the meme. e second approach is to combine features from
different modalities. ese approaches utilize a combination of glove, encoder-decoder, and OCR with Adamax optimizer deep
learning algorithms. Facebook Challenge Hateful Meme Dataset is utilized which contains approximately 8500 meme images.
Both the approaches are implemented on the live challenge competition by Facebook and predicted quite acceptable results. Both
approaches are tested on the validation dataset, and results are found to be promising for both models.
1.Introduction
In the present era, social media is the most important activity
that directly or indirectly affects people [1]. Although social
media is a great platform to masses for developing skills,
reach to experts, and for expressing talent, this platform has
helped many people to gain success by sharing and esca-
lating their work around the globe with the Internet. Sharing
of memes on social media is increasing rapidly. Memes
spread humour on a positive side. However, technology
comes with a boon and a bane. ese memes on the negative
side can hurt any group or an individual. Internet memes
can most commonly be defined as still images with text that
spread rapidly among people and become a craze. ey
attempt to make us laugh at the expense of a theme or a
person. ey often carry a deeper meaning. Memes can be
made by anyone. A section of audience may find them funny
while another section may find them offensive. Memes are
widely spread in social media sites such as Quora, Instagram,
Twitter, Facebook, Snapchat, and WhatsApp. Memes are a
great tool to spread humour; however, some people use it to
target an individual or a group and to offend them in a polite
and sarcastic way. Such memes spread hatred, and their
excess may lead to depression. Nowadays, memes are made
on countless topics like politics, movies, games, college life,
and comic book characters.
In this work, we are addressing a real-world problem by
using multiple techniques of deep learning. Most research is
Hindawi
Complexity
Volume 2021, Article ID 5510253, 7 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5510253