Impact of urbanization and
economic growth on
environmental quality in western
africa: Do manufacturing
activities and renewable energy
matter?
Hassan Radoine
1
, Salwa Bajja
1
*, Jerome Chenal
2
and
Zahoor Ahmed
3,4
1
Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, UM6P, School of Architecture Planning and Design SAP+D,
Ben Guerir, Morocco,
2
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Lausanne, Suisse,
3
Department of Accounting and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Cyprus
International University, Nicosia, Turkey,
4
Department of Business Administration, Faculty of
Management Sciences, ILMA University, Karachi, Pakistan
The countries in Western Africa have the greatest potential for renewable
energy generation in the world and are likely to be vulnerable to the adverse
effects of climate change. Unfortunately, only a few of them have tapped into
this potential, as non-renewable energy still dominates the total energy mix of
these countries. The present study explores the effect of economic growth,
manufacturing value-added, urbanization, financial development, foreign direct
investment, and renewable energy consumption on the environmental quality
in West African countries by using a sample of some selected countries over the
period 1991–2018. This study is analyzed by adopting the method of Driscoll-
Kraay (DK) panel regression. The panel result suggests that manufacturing
value-added, urbanization, financial development, and foreign direct
investment increase environmental degradation. In addition, the findings of
this study reveal that economic growth and renewable energy consumption
contribute, significantly, to environmental quality. Bidirectional causality exists
between economic growth and CO
2
emissions and between urbanization and
environmental degradation. Accordingly, in order to improve environmental
quality in these countries, it is imperative to embrace and promote the
consumption of clean energy sources, which will contribute more to the
promotion and adoption of renewables in this strategic region.
KEYWORDS
urbanisation, renewable energy, west africa, manufacturing value added, CO
2
emission, financial development, economic growth
OPEN ACCESS
EDITED BY
Atif Jahanger,
Hainan University, China
REVIEWED BY
Muhammad Usman,
Wuhan University, China
Joshua Chukwuma Onwe,
Federal Polytechnic Ohodo, Nigeria
*CORRESPONDENCE
Salwa Bajja,
salwa.bajja@um6p.ma
SPECIALTY SECTION
This article was submitted to
Environmental Economics and
Management,
a section of the journal
Frontiers in Environmental Science
RECEIVED 04 August 2022
ACCEPTED 15 August 2022
PUBLISHED 13 September 2022
CITATION
Radoine H, Bajja S, Chenal J and
Ahmed Z (2022), Impact of urbanization
and economic growth on
environmental quality in western africa:
Do manufacturing activities and
renewable energy matter?
Front. Environ. Sci. 10:1012007.
doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.1012007
COPYRIGHT
© 2022 Radoine, Bajja, Chenal and
Ahmed. This is an open-access article
distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License
(CC BY). The use, distribution or
reproduction in other forums is
permitted, provided the original
author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are
credited and that the original
publication in this journal is cited, in
accordance with accepted academic
practice. No use, distribution or
reproduction is permitted which does
not comply with these terms.
Frontiers in Environmental Science frontiersin.org 01
TYPE Original Research
PUBLISHED 13 September 2022
DOI 10.3389/fenvs.2022.1012007