422 Copyright © 2015, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Chapter 20 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-8473-7.ch020 A Real Time Topological Map Matching Methodology for GPS/GIS-Based Travel Behavior Studies ABSTRACT The map matching problem arises when GPS measurements are incorrectly assigned to the roadway network in a GIS environment. This chapter presents a real-time topological decision rule-based meth- odology that detects and solves spatial mismatches as GPS measurements are collected. A real-time map matching methodology is required in several applications, such as feet management, transit control and management, and travel behavior studies, in which decision-making must be performed simultaneously with the movement of vehicles, individuals, or objects. A computational implementation in a real case scenario in Chile indicates that the algorithm successfully resolves over 96% of the spatial mismatches encountered in real time. Various algorithmic parameter values were employed to test the performance of the algorithm for data collected every 5 and 10 seconds. Overall, the algorithm requires larger bufer sizes and speed ranges to obtain better results with lower spatial data qualities. INTRODUCTION Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are characterized by technological solutions that in- tegrate information processing, communications, control, and electronic devices with transportation management systems and decision support tools (Sophabmixay et al., 2006). ITS aids in achieving goals such as optimizing existing transportation modes, facilitating public service utilization, and improving user quality and service. Rather than physically increasing capacities of transporta- tion infrastructure, ITS intends to use existing capacity more effectively by collecting and pro- Carola A. Blazquez Universidad Andres Bello, Chile Pablo A. Miranda Pontifcia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Chile