Abstract²7KH H[SORLWDWLRQ RI JROG RUH GHSRVLWV LV KLJKO\ GHSHQGHQW RQ HIILFLHQW PLQHUDO SURFHVVLQJ PHWKRGV DOWKRXJK DFWXDO SHUVSHFWLYHV EDVHG RQ OLIHF\FOH DVVHVVPHQW LQWURGXFH GLIILFXOWLHV WKDW ZHUH XQIRUHVHHQ LQ D YHU\ UHFHQW SDVW &\DQLGDWLRQ LV WKH PRVW DSSOLHG JROG SURFHVVLQJ PHWKRG EXW WKH SRWHQWLDO HQYLURQPHQWDO SUREOHPV GHULYHG IURP WKH XVDJH RI F\DQLGH DV OHDFKLQJ UHDJHQW OHG WR D GHPDQG IRU DOWHUQDWLYH PHWKRGV $PPRQLDFDO WKLRVXOIDWH OHDFKLQJ LV RQH RI WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW DOWHUQDWLYHV WR F\DQLGDWLRQ ,Q WKLV DUWLFOH VRPH H[SHULPHQWDO VWXGLHV FDUULHG RXW LQ RUGHU WR DVVHVV WKH IHDVLELOLW\ RI WKLRVXOIDWH DV D OHDFKLQJ DJHQW IRU WKH RUH IURP WKH XQH[SORLWHG 3RUWXJXHVH JROG PLQH RI &DVWURPLO ,W EHFDPH FOHDU WKDW WKH SURFHVV GHSHQGV RQ WKH FRQFHQWUDWLRQV RI DPPRQLD WKLRVXOIDWH DQG FRSSHU %DVHG RQ WKLV IDFW D IHZ OHDFKLQJ WHVWV ZHUH SHUIRUPHG LQ RUGHU WR DVVHVV WKH EHVW UHDJHQW SUHVFULSWLRQ DQG DOVR WKH HIIHFWV RI GLIIHUHQW FRPELQDWLRQ RI WKHVH FRQFHQWUDWLRQV +LJKHU WKLRVXOIDWH FRQFHQWUDWLRQV FDXVH WKH GHFUHDVH RI JROG GLVVROXWLRQ /RZHU FRQFHQWUDWLRQV RI DPPRQLD UHTXLUH KLJKHU WKLRVXOIDWH FRQFHQWUDWLRQV DQG KLJKHU DPPRQLD FRQFHQWUDWLRQV UHTXLUH ORZHU WKLRVXOIDWH FRQFHQWUDWLRQV 7KH DGGLWLRQ RI FRSSHU LQFUHDVHV WKH JROG GLVVROXWLRQ UDWLR 6XEVHTXHQWO\ VRPH DOWHUQDWLYH RSHUDWRU\ FRQGLWLRQV ZHUH WHVWHG VXFK DV YDULDWLRQV LQ WHPSHUDWXUH DQG LQ WKH VROLGOLTXLG UDWLR DV ZHOO DV WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ RI D SUHWUHDWPHQW EHIRUH WKH OHDFKLQJ VWDJH )LQDOO\ WKLRVXOIDWH OHDFKLQJ ZDV FRPSDUHG WR F\DQLGDWLRQ 7KLRVXOIDWH OHDFKLQJ VKRZHG WR EH DQ LPSRUWDQW DOWHUQDWLYH DOWKRXJK D SUHWUHDWPHQW LV UHTXLUHG WR LQFUHDVH WKH \LHOG RI WKH JROG GLVVROXWLRQ Keywords²*ROG OHDFKLQJ SUHWUHDWPHQW WKLRVXOIDWH , ,1752'8&7,21 +( FRQFHSW RI VXVWDLQDEOH PLQLQJ KDV SURJUHVVLYHO\ VSUHDG RYHU WKH ODVW ILIWHHQ \HDUV 2QH GHVFHQGHQW FRQFHSW LV WKH ³JUHHQ JROG´ ZKLFK HPEUDFHV GLYHUVH FRQFHUQV IRU KXPDQ ZHOIDUH FRPPXQLW\ UREXVWQHVV HQYLURQPHQWDO LQWHJULW\ DQG RYHUDOO VRFLDO DQG FRUSRUDWLYH UHVSRQVLELOLW\ >@ &\DQLGDWLRQ SURFHVV KDV EHHQ VXSSRUWHG E\ D ORQJ KLVWRU\ RI UREXVW UHVHDUFK GHYHORSPHQW DQG ZHOO VXFFHVVIXO LQGXVWULDO RSHUDWLRQV H[SHULHQFH >@>@ +RZHYHU WKH ORZ UHFRYHULHV IURP FDUERQDFHRXV RUHV DUH LPSRUWDQW FRQFHUQV IRU WKH JROG PLQLQJ LQGXVWU\ >@ 7KLRVXOIDWH OHDFKLQJ LV D SURFHVV WKDW OHDFKHV JROG IURP EHDULQJ RUHV ZLWKRXW WKH XVDJH RI D WR[LF UHDJHQW RIIHULQJ D VLPLODU UHFRYHU\ IRU WKH OHDFKLQJ RSHUDWLRQ 7KH PDMRU FRQFHUQV IRU WKLRVXOIDWH OHDFKLQJ DUH WKH KLJK UHDJHQW 5XL 6RXVD LV ZLWK WKH &HQWUR GH 5HFXUVRV 1DWXUDLV H $PELHQWH &(5(1$ )DFXOW\ RI (QJLQHHULQJ RI 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 3RUWR 3RUWR 3RUWXJDO FRUUHVSRQGLQJ DXWKRU WR SURYLGH SKRQH  HPDLO UXLMFVRXVD#IHXSSW $XURUD )XWXUR DQG $QWyQLR )L~]D DUH ZLWK WKH &HQWUR GH 5HFXUVRV 1DWXUDLV H $PELHQWH &(5(1$ )DFXOW\ RI (QJLQHHULQJ RI 8QLYHUVLW\ RI 3RUWR 3RUWR 3RUWXJDO HPDLO DIXWXUR#IHXSSW DILX]D#IHXSSW FRQVXPSWLRQ DQG WKH VHOHFWLRQ RI WKH RSHUDWLQJ FRQGLWLRQV WKDW DOORZ IRU D VLPLODU OHDFKLQJ \LHOG >@ 7KH XVH RI WKLRVXOIDWH ZDV UHSRUWHG IRU WKH ILUVW WLPH LQ  DQG  WR GLVVROYH JROG EXW WKLV SURFHVV ZDV IRUJRWWHQ GXH WR WKH VXFFHVV RI WKH F\DQLGH SURFHVV >@ 7KLRVXOIDWH DQLRQ LV WHWUDKHGUDO LQ VKDSH DQG LW LV WKHRUHWLFDOO\ GHULYHG E\ UHSODFLQJ RQH RI WKH R[\JHQ DWRPV E\ D VXOIXU DWRP LQ D VXOIDWH DQLRQ 7KH VXOIXU WR VXOIXU GLVWDQFH LQGLFDWHV D VLQJOH ERQG LPSO\LQJ WKDW WKH VXOIXU EHDUV D VLJQLILFDQW QHJDWLYH FKDUJH ZKLOH WKH 62 LQWHUDFWLRQV KDYH GRXEOH ERXQG FKDUDFWHU >@ 7KH FKHPLVWU\ RI WKLRVXOIDWH SURFHVV LV FRPSOH[ HYHQ LQ WKH DEVHQFH RI D JROG RUH FRQWDLQLQJ KRVW PLQHUDOV PDLQO\ GXH WR WKH VLPXOWDQHRXV UHDFWLRQV RI FRSSHU,, DQG R[\JHQ ZLWK ERWK JROG DQG WKLRVXOIDWH ,Q DGGLWLRQ WR WKH YDULRXV EDFNJURXQG UHDFWLRQV ZKLFK LQYROYH FRSSHU,, WKLRVXOIDWH R[\JHQ DQG YDULRXV GHJUDGDWLRQ SURGXFWV RI WKLRVXOIDWH WKH IRUPDWLRQ RI PL[HG FRPSOH[ RU LRQSDLUV VXFK DV &X1+62 DQG 1D62 KDYH DOVR FRQWULEXWHG WR WKH GLIILFXOWLHV LQ TXDQWLWDWLYH DQDO\VLV RI UHVXOWV WR UDWLRQDOL]H WKH WKHUPRG\QDPLFV DQG NLQHWLFV RI JROG R[LGDWLRQ >@ ,Q WKH DONDOLQH FRSSHUDPPRQLDWKLRVXOIDWH V\VWHP WKH PRVW FRPPRQ VXOILGH PLQHUDOV WKDW H[LVW LQ UHIUDFWRU\ JROG RUHV EHFRPH XQVWDEOH LQ WKH WKLRVXOIDWH VROXWLRQ LQ WKH QRUPDO RSHUDWRU\ FRQGLWLRQV XVHG IRU JROG OHDFKLQJ 7KH SUHVHQFH RI FHUWDLQ VXOILGH PLQHUDOV DFFHOHUDWHV WKH WKLRVXOIDWH GHJUDGDWLRQ DQG FRQVXPHV DQG UHWDUGV WKH GLVVROXWLRQ RI JROG /HDFKLQJ H[SHULPHQWDO UHVXOWV FRQILUP WKDW WKLRVXOIDWH LV PXFK PRUH VWDEOH LQ WKH OHDFKLQJ RI R[LGH RUHV FRPSDUHG WR LWV VWDELOLW\ LQ WKH OHDFKLQJ RI VXOILGH DQGRU FDUERQDFHRXV RUHV >@ &RSSHU ,, FDQ EH PDLQWDLQHG DW KLJK FRQFHQWUDWLRQ EHLQJ D IDVWHU R[LGDQW LQ WKLRVXOIDWH PHGLXP ,W DFWV DV D UHGR[ PHGLDWRU LQ DPPRQLDFDO WKLRVXOIDWH VROXWLRQ IRU JROG R[LGDWLRQ DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH DQRGLF DQG FDWKRGLF UHDFWLRQV $X $X,  H DQG &X,, H &X, UHVSHFWLYHO\ ZKHUH WKH &X, SURGXFHG LV R[LGL]HG WR &X,, E\ R[\JHQ WKXV FRPSOHWLQJ WKH UHGR[ F\FOH >@ 7KH UHDFWLRQ EHWZHHQ &X,, DQG 62  LRQV LV RQH RI WKH ELJJHVW FRQFHUQV LQ WKLRVXOIDWH OHDFKLQJ DV LW FDQ OHDG WR D ORZHU UHVLGXDO &X,, FRQFHQWUDWLRQ DQG GHFUHDVH WKH UDWH RI WKH JROG OHDFKLQJ >@ )LJ  VFKHPDWL]HV WKH JROG OHDFKLQJ SURFHVV E\ WKLRVXOIDWH 7KLRVXOIDWH /HDFKLQJ RI WKH $XULIHURXV 2UH IURP &DVWURPLO 'HSRVLW $ &DVH 6WXG\ 5XL 6RXVD $XURUD )XWXUR $QWyQLR )L~]D 7 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Geological and Environmental Engineering Vol:10, No:3, 2016 343 International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 10(3) 2016 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10004104 International Science Index, Geological and Environmental Engineering Vol:10, No:3, 2016 waset.org/Publication/10004104