https://doi.org/10.1177/1048371317742113
General Music Today
2018, Vol. 31(2) 40–46
© National Association for
Music Education 2017
DOI:10.1177/1048371317742113
journals.sagepub.com/home/gmt
Column
Since the 1990s, general music teachers have proposed
ways to connect children’s literature and music in mean-
ingful ways. Several authors have published in profes-
sional journals about teaching music through children’s
books. They provide rationales for music and language
connections (Calogero, 2002; Eppink, 2009; Fallin, 1995;
Gauthier, 2005; Miller, 2008; Paul, 2004), identify cate-
gories of children’s literature for use in music classrooms
(Calogero, 2002; Miller, 2008; Paul, 2004), and create
structures for planning integrative lessons (Eppink,
2009). Additionally, authors have generated lists of chil-
dren’s literature and described sample lessons connecting
music and books for music teachers to use in their general
music classrooms (Calogero, 2002; Gauthier, 2005;
Miller 2008; Paul, 2004). The consensus of these authors
is that children’s literature is rich with opportunities to
enhance knowledge and skills in the domains of music
and language.
A purpose of this column is to explore, create, and
describe ways in which children’s literature—as well as
other aspects of language literacy—can be employed in
general music classrooms. In addition, readers will dis-
cover ready-to-use music activities as well as expand
their knowledge of language literacy, such as vocabulary
acquisition and polysemous words (Cardany, 2012,
2015), phonological awareness (Cardany, 2011a), read-
ing comprehension (Cardany, 2011b), and transactional
reading theory (Cardany, 2014). In this article, the author
describes and employs a whole language technique (i.e.,
the shared book experience) in a music lesson using chil-
dren’s literature, as well as singing and reading icons for
music concepts of pitch and rhythm.
The Story
Anna Dewdney’s (2017) publication, Little Excavator, is
a delightful picture book for young children and perfect
for a musical shared book experience in a group setting
(see Figure 1). Readers meet the big rigs—’dozer, loader,
dump truck, backhoe, and crane—all doing their con-
struction jobs. Little Excavator is eager to help on the lot
but usually falls short of the task at hand. The big rigs
help Little Excavator out of trouble when it tries to do the
same work as the others—digging holes and loading
junk. With each effort the others remind Little Excavator
that it is too short, too small, or too weak, and their paren-
tal advice is to wait for “someday when you’re big.”
Despite the failed efforts to dig, lug, dump, and haul like
the big rigs, one task fits just right—the one for which
being small is exactly what is needed. The big rigs cheer
Little Excavator’s success in hauling an apple tree across
a narrow bridge, and then digging its hole and lifting and
planting it. With the job completed, the construction of a
community park project is accomplished.
Dewdney’s text has a predictable sequence of exposi-
tion of characters and setting followed by a series of events
performed with repetitive text, which serve to establish a
problem for resolution. Embedded in the story are several
positive messages. The big rigs demonstrate patience with
742113GMT XX X 10.1177/1048371317742113General Music TodayCardany
research-article 2017
1
The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
Corresponding Author:
Audrey Berger Cardany, The University of Rhode Island, 105 Upper
College Road, Kingston, RI 02831, USA.
Email: Audrey.Cardany@uri.edu
A Musical Shared Book Experience
for Little Excavator
Audrey Berger Cardany
1
Abstract
Little Excavator, a recent publication by Anna Dewdney, is a delightful picture book for young children and perfect for
a musical shared book experience in a group setting for preschool and first-grade children. In this article, connections
between music learning and the typical shared book experience are outlined. Musical ways to share the book and
extension activities for pitch and rhythm concepts are provided. The author includes alignments to National Core
Music Standards as well as English Language Common Core Standards for music and reading teachers.
Keywords
children’s literature, early childhood general music, elementary general music, English language arts, shared book
experience