Predicton of Difcult Intubaton with the Modifed Mallampat and Upper Lip
Bite Test: A Cross-Sectonal Analysis
Muhammad Tayyeb
1
, Shah Faisal
2
, Abdullah
3*
, Muhammad Ajmal
1,4
, Naqash Ahmad
1
, Muhammad
Arsalan
1
, Ayesha Jehad
5
, Bashir ul Haq
1
, Said Khitab Shah
1
and Muhammad Qasim Jan
6
1
Department of Anaesthesia, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
2
Department of Biotechnology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, KPK, Pakistan
3
Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan
4
Department of Anaesthesia, Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
5
College of Medical Technology, Medical Teaching Insttutons Bacha Khan Medical College Mardan, Pakistan
6
Department of Anaesthesia Qazi Hussain Ahmad Medical Complex, Pakistan
*
Corresponding author: Abdullah, Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan, E-mail: abdul.
9353chd@gmail.com
Received date: May 23, 2020; Accepted date: May 27, 2020; Published date: June 5, 2020
Citaton: Tayyeb M, Faisal S, Abdullah, Ajmal M, Ahmad N, Arsalan M, et al. (2020) Predicton of Difcult Intubaton with the Modifed
Mallampat and Upper Lip Bite Test: A Cross-Sectonal Analysis. J Biomed Sci Vol.9 No.2:5.
Abstract
Difcult intubaton is a term used when inserton of the
endotracheal tube with conventonal laryngoscopy
technique requires more than 10 minutes or greater than
three atempts. This study sought to determine the
predictve value of two commonly used tests; Mallampat
test vs. Upper Lip Bite Test (ULBT). A cross-sectonal study
conducted on 196 patents aged 18-60 years in lady
reading hospital Peshawar presented for electve
surgeries planned for general anaesthesia and requiring
endotracheal intubaton were included during March
2018 to May 2018. Both tests (Mallampat and Upper lip
bite test) were performed on each sample. In the total
196 partcipant 180 (91.8%) were found easy cases and 16
(8.2%) were difcult cases. Out of 16 (8.2%) difcult cases
5 (31.3%) difcult cases were underclass III Upper Lip Bite
Test (ULBT) which are true positve. From Modifed
Mallampat Test 8 (50%) were atributed to MMT class III
which is 21.1% of total class III and 3 cases (18.8% of total
difcult cases) with MMT class IV which is 75% of MMT
class IV are both true positve. During anaesthesia and
intubaton, most common cause of death and brain
damage is encounter because of difcult intubaton. In
this study, we have performed two tests i.e. ULBT and
MMT on total of 196 patents, out of which 16 (8.2%)
were found difcult intubaton which is in the range (0.5-
17.5%) menton in the previous studies. The study has
shown most of the difcult were predicted incorrectly.
Most cases resulted in difcult intubaton, which were
predicted easily by two tests (Criteria set by Hoda et al.),
so to only rely on ULBT and MMT for predictve measure
is not standard.
Keywords: Modifed mallampat test; Upper lip bite test;
Difcult intubaton; Anaesthesia; Laryngoscopy; Predictve
Introducton
The meaning of difcult intubaton is ‘the need of more
atempts for intubaton or taking more than 10 minutes during
laryngoscopy or use of special equipment (instrument) for
intubaton or not viewed on laryngoscopy using Cormack-
lehane classifcaton ’ The presence of only one will consider
difcult intubaton [1,2]. As reported the incidence of difcult
endotracheal intubaton is between 1.3% and 13% in patents
undergoing general anaesthesia. Incidence of failed intubaton
varies from 0.05% to 0.35% whereas 0.01%-0.02% is incidence
of inability to intubate and ventlate [1,3]. The most serious
complicaton recorded by anaesthetst is a difcult airway (In
which anaesthetst cannot deliver oxygen to the lungs).
Around half of the cases are not recorded and are not
predicted [4]. Many causes of difcult intubaton, the
important iatrogenic cause is an unexperienced and
unprepared anaesthetst. Other cause due to anaesthetst
includes inadequate preoperatve assessment, equipment
preparaton, inexperienced and poor technique whereas
equipment related causes is a malfuncton of equipment and
unavailability of proper equipment. Causes other than
aesthetc and equipment are patent causes that may be
acquired (reduced neck or jaw movement, Tumour, nerve
palsy) or congenital (Down syndrome, Marfan syndrome,
Treacher Collins syndrome) [5,6]. Difcult intubaton leads to
iMedPub Journals
www.imedpub.com
DOI: 10.36648/2254-609X.9.2.5
Journal of Biomedical Sciences
ISSN 2254-609X
Vol.9 No.2:5
2020
© Copyright iMedPub | This article is available from: https://www.jbiomeds.com/
1
Abbreviation: MMT: Modified Mallampati Test; ULBT: Up-
per Lip Bite Test
Research Article
test